Healthh Psych

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What is the biomedical model? How does this model compare to the biopsychosocial model?

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"Traditional biomedical model

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The usual medical health care system

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IF you get sick, THEN you go to the doctor

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Find it & Fix it approach

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Works very well for acute illnesses

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Not so well for chronic illness

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Biopsychosocial model

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We need to consider: biological factors, psychological factors, and social factors—the mind and the body interact in a very complex manner!"

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What are the three stages of prevention? Define each one.

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"Primary Prevention

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Prevent a problem before it develops

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The first part of the class-we focus on behaviors that can prevent a lot of health problems from occurring

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There is some symptomology, but is not the actual more serious condition yet.

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Detect illness at an early stage and reduce further damage

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Here steps are taken to slow or minimize the damage cause by the illness or disease

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What is animism? Which two people first moved the field of medicine away from animism?"

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Spirits cause things to happen

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Souls or spirits gave the idea that there was something that went beyond the physical body

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Carefully studied & noted courses of illness

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Prognosis: forecast of the course of disease

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Prescribed noninvasive treatments

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One of the greatest figures in ancient medicine

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Dissected animals, treated gladiators, & through his work learned human anatomy

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Diagnosis: identification of disease based on patient’s signs & symptoms

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What is the humoral theory of bodily fluids? What are the four humors according to this theory?"

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What is the study of behavioral medicine? How is the field different from health psychology?

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"Similar to health psychology, but follows medical model

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In the following list: _________model and the __________ not behavioral models of change?

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"1. Behavioral model

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The ______________ proposes that a person’s attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control form an intention, which in turn causes a behavior.

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The Precaution Adoption Process Model is most similar to the _______________________ because it is a _____________model.

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"Transtheoretical model of change

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__________________ is the conviction that you can successfully execute an action. It is also the main premise of ________________________ theory.

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"Self-Efficacy

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Social-Cognitive

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The four factors that influence health behaviors according to the _____________________. Are Perceived ______________, Perceived ______________, Perceived ______________, and Perceived ______________,

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"Health Belief Model

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Perceived susceptibility: risk of acquiring illness

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Perceived severity: consequences of the illness

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Perceived benefits: engaging in behavior will reduce threat

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Perceived barriers: obstacles to engaging in a behavior

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What is the difference between chronic and acute disease?"

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Acute disease has a short course and a sudden onset

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What are passive and active prevention?"

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Active prevention require the an active role, such as wearing a helmet when riding a motorcycle.

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What are the goals of Healthy People 2010?

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"1) Increase quality and years of life.

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In 1948, how did the World Health Organization define health? Which model of health does it most closely resemble (biomedical or biopsychosocial)?

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Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It most closely resembles the biopsychosocial model of health.

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What is the difference between disease and illness?"

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Illness is the person’s perceptions of his or her symptoms, and is more social and subjective.

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What are illness behaviors? Some examples?"

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In lecture, which research method was characterized as “the best” for use in health psychology?"

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A hypothesis is a testable prediction about conditions under which an event will occur. For example, “People will be more inclined to eat chocolate after watching an emotion-inducing movie.”

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What are the characteristics of a true experiment?"

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According to the Precaution Adoption Process Model, why do some people fail to progress beyond early stages?"

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In social models of health behavior change, what are norms? What is the difference between a perceived and actual norm?"

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Actual norms: what people actually do

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In the Ecological models, how does the neighborhood you live in affect your behavior? "

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Structural design

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Perceived safety

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Connections between people

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How places are managed & maintained

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Availability of healthy products

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If you are able to walk to your local market, which stocks affordably priced healthy choices, you are more likely to be getting more exercise and interacting with your community. If the air is unfit to breath, and your local park is too dangerous to take your child to, you are less likely to be outside getting exercise or interacting with your community.

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In Social models, how can family and relationships with others influence behavior change?"

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What is the key premise of the Stage models? How does this affect intervention?"

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Stage you are in affects intervention

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What types of factors influence weight?"

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In terms of changing your diet, what has been shown to work?"

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How do objective goals differ from subjective goals? Which types of goals should you set to help you change behavior?

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"Setting goals helps! Link subjective goals to objective goals, often a combination of goals will be most useful

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Objective goals: attaining a specific standard of proficiency on a task, usually in a specified time

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Subjective goal: general statements of intent

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Types of goals

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Outcome goals: focus on end result

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Performance goals: Focus on achievement, independent of others

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Process goals: focus on the process

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What are the major barriers to goal achievement?

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"Lack of time (perceived)

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What are the 10 principles of goal setting?"

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Set moderately difficult but realistic goals

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Set multiple type of goals

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Set long-term and short-term goals

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Record goals

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Develop goal achievement strategies

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Reward achievements

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Personalities & motivation matters

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Social support helps

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Periodically monitor progress