Healthcare Systems Final

Front 1

informatics

Back 1

scienceinformation field concerned with the analysis and dissemination of data viacomputer application

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pharmacoinformatics

Back 2

scientificfield that focuses on medication-related data and knowledge within thecontinuum of healthcare systems (including its acquisition, storage, analysis,use and dissemination) in the delivery of optimal medication-related patientcare and health outcomes

Front 3

HIT (Health Information Technology)

Back 3

useof information and communication technology in healthcare

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personal health records

Back 4

internet-basedset of tools that allows people to access and coordinate their lifelong healthinformation and make appropriate parts of it available to those who need it

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residency training

Back 5

anorganized, directed, postgraduate training program in a defined area ofpharmacy practice

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fellowship training

Back 6

directed,highly individualized, postgraduate program designed to prepare the participantto become an independent researcher

Front 7

pharmacy technicians

Back 7

anindividual working in a pharmacy [setting] who, under the supervision of alicensed pharmacist, assists in pharmacy activities that do not require theprofessional judgment of a pharmacist

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physicians

Back 8

concernedprimarily with maintaining or restoring health of their patients through thediagnosis and treatment of disease or injury

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nurses

Back 9

theprotection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention ofillness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis andtreatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families,communities, and populations

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physician assistants

Back 10

practice medicine in a team environment underthe direction of a physician

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multidisciplinary care

Back 11

manydifferent professionals, independent of each other, work for the good of thepatient

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interdisciplinary care

Back 12

manydifferent professionals work together for the good of the patient

Front 13

Phase 1

Back 13

Determinessafe dosage range, preferred route of administration, mechanisms of absorption,distribution, and elimination, and possible toxicities

Hint 13

Healthy volunteers (<100)

Lasts approximately 1 year

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Phase 2

Back 14

Safety and efficacy in treating a disease or symptom

Hint 14

Volunteers with that disease or symptom (<300)

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Phase 3

Back 15

Safety, efficacy, anddosage range under market conditions

Hint 15

Volunteers with that disease or symptom (<3000)

Lasts approximately 3 years

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Pharmacoeconomics

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compilationof methodologies that evaluate the economic, clinical, and humanisticdimensions of pharmaceutical products and services

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Efficiency

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lowestcost per unit output; best allocation of resources that optimize productivity

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Efficacy

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itworks; positives outweigh negatives

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Effectiveness

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itworks in the real world; works for individuals for which it was intended

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Directmedical costs

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Resourcesconsumed for medical services or products that are directly related to theproduct or service being evaluated

Hint 20

physicianservices, medications, labs, X-rays

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Directnonmedical costs

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Resourcesconsumed as a result of the medical product or service being provided

Hint 21

transportation,special diets

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Indirectcosts

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Resourcesspent that are indirectly associated with the product or service (difficult to measure)

Hint 22

lossof productivity

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Intangiblecosts

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Pain and suffering (very difficult to measure)

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Cost-MinimizationAnalysis (CMA)

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twoor more therapeutic interventions are equivalent in terms of their outcomes orconsequences

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Cost-EffectivenessAnalysis (CEA)

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Mostcommonly used methodology because outcomes or consequences are not monetary,and therefore, flexible and easier to calculate

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Cost-BenefitAnalysis (CBA)

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outcomesor consequences of different units can be compared because costs and benefitsare both presented in dollar terms

Front 27

Cost-UtilityAnalysis (CUA)

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extensionof CEA except the effect is restricted to the natural unit quality-adjustedlife years (QALYs) instead of just additional years of life