Health10R & S

Front 1

physical addiction:

Back 1

a change in the body's chemistry so that without the presence of a substance (drug), normal functioning begins to fail, and with¬drawal symptoms set in; also called physical dependence

Front 2

physical examination:

Back 2

an examination of the body to gather information aboutits general condition or to make a diagnosis. It normally includes obser­vations by looking, listening, or feeling body parts and by medical test results

Front 3

physician-assisted suicide: suicide

Back 3

suicide of an ill person by way of lethal drugs or other means provided by a physician; not legal in most states.

Front 4

physiological age

Back 4

age as estimated from the body's health and probable life expectancy.

Front 5

phytochemicals:

Back 5

: chemicals in plant-based foods that are not nutrients but that have effects on the body.

Front 6

pinch test:

Back 6

an informal way of measuring body fatness.

Front 7

pinwonns

Back 7

: small, visible, white parasitic worms that commonly infect the intestines of young children

Front 8

PKU (phenylketonuria):

Back 8

a congenital disease causing severe brain damage with mental retardation if left untreated; now detected and treated at birth.

Front 9

placebo effect:

Back 9

effect: the healing effect that faith in medicine, even inert med­icine, often has.

Front 10

placenta (plah-SEN-tah):

Back 10

: an organ that develops during pregnancy; it permits exchange of materials between maternal and fetal blood

Front 11

placental stage:

Back 11

the final stage of childbirth, in which the placenta is expelled

Front 12

plaques

Back 12

mounds of fat, mixed with minerals, that build up along artery walls in atherosclerosis

Front 13

platelets:

Back 13

tiny, disk-shaped bodies in the blood, important in blood clot formation.

Front 14

pneumonia:

Back 14

a disease caused by a virus or bacterium that infects the lungs, with high fever, severe cough, and pain in the chest; especially dan­gerous to the very old or young.

Front 15

polio

Back 15

poliomyelitis): a viral infection that produces mild respiratory or digestive symptoms in most cases but that may produce permanent paral­ysis or death; preventable by immunization

Front 16

pollution:

Back 16

contamination of the environment with anything that impairs its ability to support life.

Front 17

polyps:

Back 17

tumors that grow on a stem, resembling mushrooms. Polyps bleed easily, and some have the tendency to become malignant.

Front 18

polyunsaturated

Back 18

a type of unsaturated fat especially useful as a replacement for saturated fat in a heart-healthy diet.

Front 19

positive self-talk:

Back 19

the practice of making affirming statements about oneself to oneself, helpful in building self-esteem.

Front 20

post-traumatic stress disorder:

Back 20

disorder: a reaction to stress such as wartime suffering or rape, arising after the event is over.

Front 21

postpartum depression:

Back 21

the emotional depression a new mother or father experiences after the birth of an infant.

Front 22

premature infant:

Back 22

an infant born before the 38th week of gestation

Front 23

premenstrual syndrome

Back 23

(PMS): symptoms such as physical discom­fort, moodiness, and nervousness that occur in some women each month before menstruation.

Front 24

premiums:

Back 24

regular payments made to an insurance company to cover the costs of unforeseen events such as medical emergencies.

Front 25

prenatal care:

Back 25

medical and health care provided during pregnancy

Front 26

prepayment plan

Back 26

a system of paying for health care in which the clients pay a fixed fee every month, regardless of how many services they receive

Front 27

prescription drugs:

Back 27

drugs legally available only with a physician's order.

Front 28

problem drinker or alcohol abuser

Back 28

a person who suffers social, emotional, family, job-related, or other problems because of alcohol. This person is on the way to alcoholism.

Front 29

prodrome

Back 29

the onset of general symptoms common to many diseases, such as fever, sneezing, and coughing.

Front 30

progressive muscle relaxation:

Back 30

a technique of learning to relax by focusing on relaxing each of the body's muscle groups in turn

Front 31

progressive overload principle:

Back 31

: the training principle that a body system, in order to improve, must be worked at frequencies, intensities, or durations that increase over time.

Front 32

promoter:

Back 32

a substance that assists in the development of malignant tumors, but does not initiate them on its own.

Front 33

proof:

Back 33

means 50 percent alcohol, 90 proof means 45 percent,

Front 34

Protease inhibitors

Back 34

drugs that stop the action of an enzyme which ordinarily helps HN to reproduce. The drugs help slow HIV reproduction, but takers run an increased risk of developing diabetes.

Front 35

protein:

Back 35

a class of nutrients that builds body tissues and supplies energy. Protein is made of amino acids. Referred to only in the singular,protein.

Front 36

protozoa (PRO-toh-ZOH-ah):

Back 36

tiny, animal-like cells, some of which can cause illnesses.

Front 37

Prozac

Back 37

he brand name of one drug of a group of drugs used to restore normal brain chemistry in people with depression.

Front 38

psilocybin (sill-oh-SI -bin), psilocin (sill-OH-sin

Back 38

: two hallucinogens produced by a type of wild mushroom.

Front 39

psychological addiction:

Back 39

: a craving for something; mental dependence on a drug, habit, or behavior; also called psychological dependence.

Front 40

psychology

Back 40

the scientific study of behavior and the mind.

Front 41

puberty (PYOO-ber-tee):

Back 41

the period of life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction.

Front 42

pubic lice:

Back 42

a sexually transmitted disease caused by tiny parasites that breed in pubic hair and cause intense itching.

Front 43

pulp cavity:

Back 43

deepest chamber, which houses its blood vessels and nerves.

Front 44

pulse rate:

Back 44

the number of heartbeats per minute.

Front 45

pus

Back 45

: a mixture of fluids and white blood cells that collects around infected areas.

Front 46

proxy

Back 46

a person authorized to act for another.

Front 47

quacks:

Back 47

people pretending to have medical skills, and usually having products for sale.

Front 48

quality time

Back 48

time spent with another, of sufficient duration to allow a meaningful exchange of ideas.

Front 49

quid:

Back 49

small portion of any form of smokeless tobacco.

Front 50

Rrabies:

Back 50

a viral disease of the central nervous system that causes paralysis and death.

Front 51

radiation therapy:

Back 51

the application of cell-destroying radiation to kill cancerous tissues.

Front 52

radon

Back 52

a gas that arises from the earth where radioactive mate­rials are present

Front 53

range of motion:

Back 53

the mobility of a joint; the direction and the extent to which it bends.

Front 54

recovery:

Back 54

a healthy third phase of the stress response, in which the body returns to normal.

Front 55

recreational drug use:

Back 55

drug use: a term made up, to describe their drug use, by people who claim their drug taking produces no harmful social or health effects; a term not defined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Front 56

rectum

Back 56

the last part of the digestive tract, through which stools are elim­inated

Front 57

recyclable

Back 57

made of material that can be used over again.

Front 58

refusal skills:

Back 58

: a set of social strategies that enable people to competently resist the pressure by others to engage in dangerous or otherwise undesirable behaviors

Front 59

relapses

Back 59

: the opposite of the stress response; the normal state of the body.

Front 60

relaxation response: the

Back 60

(rapid eye movement pronounced as the syllable rem)

Front 61

sleep:

Back 61

the periods of sleep in which a person is dreaming.

Front 62

REM

Back 62

rapid eye movement pronounced as the syllable rem)

Front 63

resentment

Back 63

anger that has built up due to failure to express it.

Front 64

. residency

Back 64

: a length of time spent in a medical facility as part of the M.D. 's training after the internship.

Front 65

resistance

Back 65

a force that opposes another; in fitness, the weight or other opposing force against which muscles must work.

Front 66

resistance: in stress,

Back 66

the second phase of the stress response, in which the body mobilizes its resources to withstand the effects of the stress.

Front 67

ripple effect:

Back 67

the effect seen when a pebble is thrown into a pond and waves radiate out from it. The term is used to describe how one person's actions may affect many other people, and how their actions will affect still other people

Front 68

. risk factors:

Back 68

: factors linked with a disease by association but not yet proved to be causes.

Front 69

rubella:

Back 69

: a viral disease that resembles measles but that lasts only a few days and does not cause serious complications, except in pregnancy; pre­ventable by immunization.

Front 70

safe

Back 70

causing no undue harm; part of the legal requirement for a drug.

Front 71

safer-sex strategies

Back 71

behavior guidelines that reduce sexually transmit­ted disease risk, but that do not reduce the risk to zero.

Front 72

Salmonella

Back 72

a common food-borne pathogen causing digestive system infections ia many people each year.

Front 73

salt:

Back 73

a compound made of minerals that, in water, dissolve and form elec­trolytes.

Front 74

sarcomas (

Back 74

: cancers that arise in the connective tissue cells, including bones, ligaments, and muscles.

Front 75

sassafras:

Back 75

root bark from the sassafras tree, once used in beverages but now banned as an ingredient in foods or beverages because it contains cancer-causing chemicals.

Front 76

saturated:

Back 76

concerning fats and health, those fats associated strongly with heart and artery disease; mainly fats from animal sources

Front 77

. schizophrenia

Back 77

: a mental illness, a condition of losing touch with reality accompanied by reduced ability to function.

Front 78

sebum

Back 78

: the skin's natural oil-actually a mixture of oils and waxes-that helps keep the skin and hair moist.

Front 79

second opinion:

Back 79

: a second assessment of a diagnosis and treatment plan by another health-care provider, usually on the request of a client, to double-check the validity of the original plan.

Front 80

sedatives:

Back 80

drugs that have a soothing or tranquilizing effect.

Front 81

. sedentary:

Back 81

that have a soothing or tranquilizing effect. sedentary: physically inactive (literally, "sitting down a lot"). self-actualization:

Front 82

self-actualization:

Back 82

the reaching of one's full potential; the highest attainable state in Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Front 83

self-efficacy

Back 83

person's belief in his or her ability to suc­ceed at the task at hand.

Front 84

self-esteem:

Back 84

the value a person attaches to his or her self-image. Self­esteem is high in those who value themselves. It is a vitally important part of emotional health.

Front 85

self-image:

Back 85

the characteristics that a person sees in himself or herself

Front 86

senility:

Back 86

a general term meaning weakness of mind and body occurring in old age.

Front 87

set:

Back 87

a specific number of times to repeat a weight-training exercise.

Front 88

sex

Back 88

: a general term used to mean both gender and sexual intercourse.

Front 89

sexuality:

Back 89

the quality of being sexual. Sexuality is part of the total person: physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual. Sexuality is part of who people are.

Front 90

sexually transmitted diseases

Back 90

diseases that are transmitted by way of direct sexual contact. An older name was venereal diseases.

Front 91

shaken baby syndrome:

Back 91

: a collection of symptoms resulting from vio­lent shaking of an infant or young child. It is the most common cause of mortality and long-term disability resulting from intentional head injury

Front 92

. shame

Back 92

the extreme feeling of guilt that arises when a person internalizes mistakes ("I am a bad person because 1 did it").

Front 93

shin splints

Back 93

damage to the muscles and connective tissues of the lower front leg from stress. Such damage usually heals with rest.

Front 94

shock:

Back 94

failure or disruption of the blood circulation, a life-threatening reaction to accidents and injuries.

Front 95

sibling rivalry:

Back 95

competition among sisters and brothers, often for the attention or affection of parents.

Front 96

siblings:

Back 96

two or more people with one or more parents in common; broth­

Front 97

side effects

Back 97

ers or sisters.

Front 98

sidestream smoke:

Back 98

the smoke that escapes into the air from the burn­ing tip of a cigarette or cigar, or from burning pipe tobacco

Front 99

single-parent family:

Back 99

one parent and his or her natural or adopted children.

Front 100

. sexual harassment:

Back 100

: unwanted sexual attention, often from someone in power, that makes the victim feel uncomfortable or threatened.