Health10

Front 1

zygote:

Back 1

: the product of the union of ovum and sperm, so termed for two weeks after conception. (After that, it is called an embryo.)

Front 2

yeast infection, or candidiasis (can-did-EYE-a-sis):

Back 2

: an infection caused by a yeast that multiplies out of control in the vagina; not a sexually trans­mitted disease.

Front 3

yeasts:

Back 3

one-celled fungi, some of which cause diseases.

Front 4

worms:

Back 4

visible parasites that burrow into the blood supplies of victims.

Front 5

withdraw

Back 5

the physical symptoms that occur when a drug to which a person is addicted is cleared from the body tissues.

Front 6

witch hazel:

Back 6

: leaves or bark of a witch hazel tree; not proved to have heal­ing powers

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will:

Back 7

: a person's intent, which leads to action.

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whitehead:

Back 8

a pimple filled with pus, caused by the plugging of oil-gland ducts with shed material from the duct lining.

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. wellness:

Back 9

maximum well-being; the top of the range of health states; the goal of the person who strives toward realizing his or her full potential phys­ically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually, and socially.

Front 10

weight training:

Back 10

exercise routines for strength conditioning that use weights or machines to provide resistance against which the muscles can work

Front 11

water-soluble

Back 11

able to dissolve in water.

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voluntary activities

Back 12

: movements of the body under the command of the conscious mind; one component of a person's daily energy expenditure.

Front 13

vitamins

Back 13

essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but that are required for growth and proper functioning of the body.

Front 14

viruses

Back 14

organisms that contain only genetic material and protein coats, and that are totally dependent on the cells they infect.

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violent crime

Back 15

: a crime that involves threat or uses force, including assault, murder, rape, or robbery.

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violence

Back 16

: brutal physical force intended to damage or injure another. violent crime: a crime that involves threat or uses force, including assault, murder, rape, or robbery.

Front 17

vertebrae (VERT-eh-bray; singular, vertebra

Back 17

the delicate, hollow bones of the spine.

Front 18

ventricles:

Back 18

the two lower chambers of the heart-the shipping areas that send blood on its way to the lungs or the tissues.

Front 19

ventilation

Back 19

: the act of verbally venting one's feelings; letting off steam by talking, crying, swearing, or laughing

Front 20

venom:

Back 20

poison from a living creature, such as a snake or scorpion

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veins:

Back 21

blood vessels that carry waste-containing blood from the tissues back to the heart.

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vegetarians:

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: people who omit meat, fish, and poultry from their diets. Some vegetarians also omit milk products and eggs.

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variables:

Back 23

changeable factors that affect outcomes.

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valves:

Back 24

flaps of tissue that open and close to allow the flow of blood in one direction only. The heart's valves are located at the entrances and exits of its chambers.

Front 25

values:

Back 25

a person's set of rules for behavior; what the person thinks of as right and wrong, or sees as important.

Front 26

vaccine:

Back 26

: a drug made from altered microbes or their poisons injected or given by mouth to produce immunity.

Front 27

. urine:

Back 27

fluid wastes removed from the body by the kidneys.

Front 28

urinary tract infections (UTIs):

Back 28

bacterial infections of the urethra that can travel to the bladder and kidneys; not a sexually transmitted disease

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upper respiratory infection

Back 29

: an infection of the membranes of the nasal cavities, sinuses, throat, and trachea, but not involving the lungs.

Front 30

unsaturated:

Back 30

: concerning fats and health, fats less associated with heart and artery disease; mainly fats from plant sources.

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saturated

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unethical:

Back 32

against the rules of right and wrong; not in line with accepted moral standards.

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undernutrition:

Back 33

too little food energy or too few nutrients to prevent dis­ease or to promote growth; a form of malnutrition.

Front 34

underweight

Back 34

weight too low for health. Underweight is often defined as weight 10 percent or more below the appropriate weight for height.

Front 35

umbilical (um-BIL-ih-cul) cord:

Back 35

: the ropelike structure through which the fetus's veins and arteries extend to and from the placenta.

Front 36

ulcers:

Back 36

open sores in the lining of the digestive system.

Front 37

wellness:

Back 37

maximum well-being; the top of the range of health states; the goal of the person who strives toward realizing his or her full potential phys­ically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually, and socially.

Front 38

tumor:

Back 38

an abnormal mass of tissue that can live and reproduce itself, but performs no service to the body

Front 39

trichomoniasis (trick-oh-mo-NEYE-uh-sis):

Back 39

: a sexually transmitted dis­ease caused by a parasite that can cause bladder and urethral infections

Front 40

transderrnal

Back 40

"across the skin." In a drug delivery system, a drug is placed in contact with the skin by way of an adhesive patch. The drug is absorbed across the skin and into the bloodstream.

Front 41

trace minerals

Back 41

: minerals essential in nutrition, needed in small quanti­ties (traces) daily. Iron and zinc are examples.

Front 42

toxic shock syndrome (1'88):

Back 42

: a type of poisoning that can occur when bacteria break down menstrual blood; often associated with use of super­absorbent tampons

Front 43

tonsillectomy

Back 43

removal of the tonsils (in the throat), an operation some­times performed needlessly.

Front 44

tuberculosis

Back 44

(TB): a bacterial infection of the lungs.

Front 45

trace minerals:

Back 45

minerals essential in nutrition, needed in small quanti­ties (traces) daily. Iron and zinc are examples

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toxin:

Back 46

: a poison.

Front 47

tolerance REALATIONSHIP

Back 47

in relationships with others, accommodation and acceptance of differences between oneself and others; being tolerant of people's age, body shape, gender, disabilities, race, religion, views, and other differences. (Another meaning of tolerance has to do with the body's adaptation to med­icine and drugs, as defined in Chapter 11.)

Front 48

tissues:

Back 48

systems of cells working together to perform special tasks.

Front 49

tolerance: DRUG

Back 49

: in drug use, a state that develops in users of certain drugs that makes larger and larger amounts of the drugs necessary to produce the same effect.

Front 50

thymus gland

Back 50

an organ of the immune system.

Front 51

thrombus:

Back 51

a stationary clot. When it has grown enough to close off a blood vessel, this dangerous event is a thrombosis.

Front 52

thrill seekers:

Back 52

people who are especially likely to take chances in exchange for momentary excitement.

Front 53

thoughts:

Back 53

those mental processes of which a person is always conscious.

Front 54

therapy:

Back 54

treatment that heals.

Front 55

terminal illnesses:

Back 55

illnesses that are expected to end in death

Front 56

tetanus:

Back 56

: a disease caused by a toxin produced by bacteria deep within it wound

Front 57

tennis elbow:

Back 57

a painful condition of the arm and joint, usually caused by strain, as from poor form in playing tennis.

Front 58

tars:

Back 58

chemicals present in (among other things) tobacco. Burning tars release many carcinogens.

Front 59

target heart rate:

Back 59

the heartbeat rate that will condition a person's cardio­vascular system-fast enough to push the heart, but not so fast as to strain it tars: chemicals present in (among other things) tobacco. Burning tars release many carcinogens.

Front 60

T cells:

Back 60

lymphocytes that can recognize invaders that cause illness.

Front 61

systolic (sis- TOL-ic) pressure:

Back 61

the blood pressure during that part of the heartbeat when the heart's ventricles are contracted and the blood is being pushed out into the arteries.

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syphilis:

Back 62

a bacterial sexually transmitted disease that, if untreated, advances from a sore (chancre) to flulike symptoms, then through a long symptomless period, and later to a final stage of irreversible brain and nerve damage, ending in death

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surgical insurance:

Back 63

insurance to pay the surgeon's fees. See also Medicaid.

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sustainable

Back 64

a term used to describe the use of resources at such a rate that the earth can keep on replacing them-for example, a rate of cutting trees no faster than new ones grow. Also, sustainable describes the produc­tion of pollutants at a rate that the environment or human cleanup efforts can handle, so that there is no net accumulation of pollution.

Front 65

suppress

Back 65

to hold back or restrain.

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support system:

Back 66

: a network of individuals or groups with which one iden­tifies and exchanges emotional support.

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supplement:

Back 67

pill, powder, liquid, or the like containing only nutrients; not a food.

Front 68

suntan lotion:

Back 68

lotion that mayor may not have any sunscreen protection

Front 69

sunscreen:

Back 69

a partial block against the cancer-causing rays of the sun (gamma radiation).

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sun block:

Back 70

: a total block against the cancer-causing rays of the sun. A sun block has an SPF (sun protection factor) of 50 or greater. Zinc oxide is an example of a sun block.

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sugars:

Back 71

carbohydrates found both in food and in the body.

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sniffer

Back 72

by an authority figure or when the drug produces a frightening hallucination.

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sudden sniffing death syndrome

Back 73

sudden death, usually from heart failure, in a person who is startled while abusing inhalants

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sudden infant death syndrome (8108):

Back 74

the unexpected and unex­plained death of an apparently well infant; the most common cause of death of infants between the second week and the end of the first year of life; also called crib death.

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stroke

Back 75

the shutting off of the blood flow to the brain by plaques, a clot, or hemorrhage.

Front 76

stress response

Back 76

the response to a demand or stressor. The stress response has three phases--alarm, resistance, and remvery or exhaustion

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stressor

Back 77

a demand placed on the body to adapt.

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stress hormones:

Back 78

a demand placed on the body to adapt.

Front 79

stress fractures

Back 79

: bone damage from repeated physical force that strains the place where ligament is attached to bone.

Front 80

stress eating

Back 80

eating in response to stress, an inappropriate activity

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stress:

Back 81

: the effect of physical and psychological demands (stressors) on a person. Stress that provides a welcome challenge is eustress ("good" stress, pronounced YOU-stress); stress that is perceived as negative is distress ( "bad" stress

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stranger rape:

Back 82

sexual assault by a stranger. Also called street rape.

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stimulant

Back 83

any of a wide variety of drugs, including amphetamines, caf­feine, and others, that speed up the central nervous system

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steroids:

Back 84

: hormones of a certain chemical type that occur naturally in the body, some of which promote muscle growth. Available as drugs, they are abused by athletes seeking a shortcut to large muscles.

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stereotypes:

Back 85

fixed pictures of how everyone in a group is thought to be; ideas that do not recognize anyone's individuality.

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stepparents:

Back 86

people who marry into a family after a biological parent departs through death or divorce.

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step aerobics:

Back 87

aerobic activity in which each participant steps up and down on a stable platform called a step bench ranging from about 6 inches to 12 inches high

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status:

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a person's standing or rank in relation to others, many times falsely based on wealth, power, or influence. While desirable to many, these char­acteristics do not define human worth.

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spouse abuse:

Back 89

vernal, psychological, physical, or sexual assault on a spouse.

Front 90

starch

Back 90

a calbohydrate, the main food energy source for human beings

Front 91

spontaneous abortion, or miscarriage

Back 91

: the expelling of a zygote, embryo, or fetus from the uterus, not induced by medical means.

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splint:

Back 92

: a stick or board used to support a broken bone to keep its separated parts from moving until it can be set.

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spine:

Back 93

the stack of 33 vertebrae that form the backbone and hold the spinal cord, whose nerves enter and exit through spaces between the bones

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spina (SPY-nah or SPEE-nah) bifida (BIFF-ih-duh

Back 94

: a birth defect often involving gaps in the bones of the spine, leaving the spinal cord unprotected in those spots. The cord may bulge and protrude through the gaps in the spinal column.

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spermicide:

Back 95

the compound nonoxynol-9, intended for birth control, that also kills or weakens some STD organisms.

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sperm

Back 96

the male cells of reproduction.

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specialist:

Back 97

a physician with training in a specialty area beyond the med­ical degree requirements.

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social drinker:

Back 98

a person who drinks only on social occasions. Depending on how alcohol affects the person's life, the person may be a moderate drinker or a problem drinker.

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sober:

Back 99

free of alcohol's effects and of addiction; not drunk.

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smokeless tobacco:

Back 100

tobacco used for snuff or chewing rather than for smoking.

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smallpox:

Back 101

a severe viral infection with skin eruptions; once often fatal, it is now believed to be wiped out world wide, thanks to immunizations.

Front 102

smaIl for date:

Back 102

a term used to describe an infant underdeveloped for its age, often because of malnutrition of the mother.

Front 103

sinuses

Back 103

spaces in the bones of the skull.