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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity is a risk factor for breast cancer so....
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- be aware of risks
- do screening |
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Health habits and risk factors
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- work toward successful modification
- prevent the development of illness |
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Good health is a personal and collective achievement..
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help people maintain healthy lifestyles
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Health promotion and good health is more cost effective...
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than disease prevention
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Good health occurs through...
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individual efforts, interaction with the medical system, mass media and legislation
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patterns of disease have changed
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from acute infections disorders to preventable disorders
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obesity and lack of exercise
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about to take over tobacco as the most preventable cause of death in the US
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modification of health behaviour can
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reduce deaths due to lifestyle related illnesses
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modification of health behaviour can
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help us live longer
help us live longer free of chronic disease complications |
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health behaviours are
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undertaken by people to enhance or maintain their health
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health behaviours are
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brushing teeth
wearing a seatbelt |
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health behaviours begin..
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in childhood, stabilising at ages 11 or 12
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primary prevention is about
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measures to combat risk factors for illness before an illness ever has a chance to develop
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two general strategies for primary pretention
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employ behaviour change methods to alter problematic behaviours
keep people from developing poor health habits in the first place |
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Practicing and changing health behaviours is affected by
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demographic factors
age values social influence personal control and goals perceived symptoms cognitive factors AND access to health care delivery system |
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barriers to modifying poor health behaviours
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habits become ingrained, very difficult to change
cumulative damage isn't evident for years unhealthy behaviours can be pleasurable and addictive |
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health habits are only modestly related to each other
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knowing person wears a seatbelt doesn't enable us to predict their dietary choices
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knowing that a person stopped smoking
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doesn't enable us to predict with great confidence about person's exercise program
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instability of health behaviours
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- different health habits are controlled by different factors
- different factors control the same behaviour for different people - factors may change over the history of the behavior |
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instability of health behaviours
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- factors change across a lifetime
- health behaviour patterns vary substantially across the lifetime for every person |
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Intervening with children and adolescents
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socialisation is the process by which people learn the norms, rules and beliefs associated with their family and society
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Intervening with children and adolescents
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parents and social institutions are usually the major agents of socialisation
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Intervening with children and adolescents
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- adolescents may ignore early training received by parents
- adolescents are vulnerable to problematic health behaviours |
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Intervening with children and adolescents
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teachable moment
examples window of vulnerability |
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Intervening with children and adolescents
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Teachable Moment
certain times are better than others for teaching particular health practices |
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Intervening with children and adolescents
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Teachable moment
examples - drinking milk instead of soda at dinner - emphasizing correct brushing at dental visit |
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Intervening with children and adolescents
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Window of Vulnerability
at certain times, people are more vulnerable to certain health problems |
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Interventions with At Risk people
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early identification may prevent poor health habits that contribute to vulnerability
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Interventions with At Risk people
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knowledge helps individuals monitor their situation
BUT people don't always perceive risk correctly most people are unrealistically optimistic about their own vulnerability to risk |
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Interventions with At Risk people
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ethical issues - an area of controversy
- at what point should people be alerted to their risk? |
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Health promotion and the elderly
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- healthy, balanced diet
- developing exercise regimen - take steps to reduce accidents - stop smoking - reduce inappropriate use of prescription drugs - flu vaccinations |
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Ethnic and Gender differences
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- black and hispanic women get less exercise than anglo women
- anglo and black women at greater risk of smoking than Hispanic - alcohol - men at greater risk |
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Health promotion for ethnic groups
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need to take account of co-occuring risk factors
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Attitude change and health behaviour - Educational Appeals
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vivid communications
expert communicator strong arguments at beginning and end short, direct messages explicit conclusions avoid very extreme messages and avoid eliciting too much fear |
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Attitude change and health behaviour - Educational Appeals
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Illness Detection
emphasise the problems that may occur if it isn't done |
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Attitude change and health behaviour - Educational Appeals
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Health Promotion
emphasise the benefits to be gained |
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Attitude change and health behaviour - Educational Appeals
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non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides of an argument, risks vs benefits
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