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17 Cards in this Set

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Mortality

Death. Can refer to number of people who have died in a population (mortality rate) or a large number of people who die due to a particular cause (mortality due to..)

Population death rate


Disease - caused death

Infant Mortality

Deaths of babies and children


Under 1 year of age


Under 5 years of age

Babies who don't live to see their first birthday.


Children who don't survive to 5 years of age.

Morbidity

Sickness or illness.


Number of people sick/diseased in a population.


Number of unhealthy people.

Morbidity rate

Life Expectancy

How long, on average a person is expected to live, specific to population/origin/ethnic group.



Number of years a population is expected to live due to average of recent mortality rate.

Mortality rate consequences.

Incidence of disease

The number of new cases of a disease or condition in a specific place and time period.

New outbreaks

Prevalence of disease

Overall cases of a specific disease in a given population at a particular time.



Indication of overall health problem, how widespread it is, how many people are affected.

Identifies problem


How spread it is


How many affected


Overall cases of...

Burden of disease

Health loss to society due to disease or injury that remains after treatment, rehabilitation, or preventive.

Despite treatment, health problems remain.

Role of epidemiology

- predict life expectancies and disease outbreaks.



- Advise and inform health promotion



- Control health problems

What is epidemiology?

Study of data and statistics, usually health measures such as morbidity, mortality, incidence, and prevalence of disease.

Primary Prevention

- Aimed at population as a whole



- Sets out to prevent disease before it occurs.



- Most cost-effective preventative health method as it avoids diagnosis, detection, treatment & recovery.




EXAMPLES:



- IMMUNISATION


- HEALTH EDUCATION


- DRINKING CLEAN WATER


- EATING HEALTHY FOODS


- EXERCISE


- WASHING HANDS.



GOAL:



To completely avoid suffering, cost and burden of disease by intervening before an illness occurs.



OFTEN REFERRED TO AS:



Upstream as it goes ahead and stops a problem before it occurs.


Aimed at ALL


DOES NOT let disease happen.


Costs less because it avoids...

Secondary Prevention

It is early detection, as it aims to locate symptoms early enough to be treated easily.



EXAMPLES:



- SCREENING:


By diagnosing diseases quickly, especially in some cases of cancer and heart disease, the progression of the disease can often be stopped to minimize its effects.



GOAL:


To identify and treat infected people and to catch the diseases as early as possible to avoid advanced disease and symptoms.



OFTEN REFERRED TO AS:



Midstream as it detects the problem as it is occuring, often before the patient recognized it and before it gets too serious.










Early findings of ________.


Early enough to be treated _______.



Tertiary Prevention

Last resort after first and second prevention have failed. Tertiary prevention becomes the means to fight the disease.



EXAMPLES:



- FOLLOW UPS


- MONITORING ALL PRESCRIBED MEDICATION TO MAKE SURE PATIENT IS TAKING THEM


- THERAPY TO HELP RESTORE FUNCTION IN DAMAGING DISEASES


- ANY MEDICAL PROCEDURE MEANT TO FIGHT OR CURE THE DISEASE.



GOAL:



To minimize the negative impact of the sickness, restore function and prevent complications.



OFTEN REFERRED TO AS:



Downstream as it occurs after condition has taken hold.

What is health promotion?

The process that enables people to improve or have more control over their health.

Gives power to change health status.

Health promotion Strategy 1

INDIVIDUAL:



Health promotion includes and encourages responsibility and action.

Self control


Active participation

Health promotion Strategy 2

COMMUNITY GROUPS/ SCHOOLS:



They can target individual, local communities, states or entire country.



* Health info provided to general public through mass media.



* Schools have an important role in health promotion with HEALTH PROMOTION, PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT, SCHOOL CURRICULUM ( eg: sun protection in playground)

Health Promotion Strategy 3

NON- GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS:



These include national and state bodies such as NATIONAL HEART FOUNDATION and the state CANCER COUNCIL.

Health Promotion Strategy 4

OTTAWA CHARTER:



- Develop personal skills


- Strengthen community action


- Reorient health services


- Build healthy public policy


- Create supportive environments.