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17 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
Mortality |
Death. Can refer to number of people who have died in a population (mortality rate) or a large number of people who die due to a particular cause (mortality due to..) |
Population death rate Disease - caused death |
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Infant Mortality |
Deaths of babies and children Under 1 year of age Under 5 years of age |
Babies who don't live to see their first birthday. Children who don't survive to 5 years of age. |
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Morbidity |
Sickness or illness. Number of people sick/diseased in a population. Number of unhealthy people. |
Morbidity rate |
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Life Expectancy |
How long, on average a person is expected to live, specific to population/origin/ethnic group. Number of years a population is expected to live due to average of recent mortality rate. |
Mortality rate consequences. |
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Incidence of disease |
The number of new cases of a disease or condition in a specific place and time period. |
New outbreaks |
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Prevalence of disease |
Overall cases of a specific disease in a given population at a particular time. Indication of overall health problem, how widespread it is, how many people are affected. |
Identifies problem How spread it is How many affected Overall cases of... |
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Burden of disease |
Health loss to society due to disease or injury that remains after treatment, rehabilitation, or preventive. |
Despite treatment, health problems remain. |
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Role of epidemiology |
- predict life expectancies and disease outbreaks. - Advise and inform health promotion - Control health problems |
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What is epidemiology? |
Study of data and statistics, usually health measures such as morbidity, mortality, incidence, and prevalence of disease. |
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Primary Prevention |
- Aimed at population as a whole
- Sets out to prevent disease before it occurs.
- Most cost-effective preventative health method as it avoids diagnosis, detection, treatment & recovery.
EXAMPLES:
- IMMUNISATION - HEALTH EDUCATION - DRINKING CLEAN WATER - EATING HEALTHY FOODS - EXERCISE - WASHING HANDS. GOAL: To completely avoid suffering, cost and burden of disease by intervening before an illness occurs. OFTEN REFERRED TO AS: Upstream as it goes ahead and stops a problem before it occurs. |
Aimed at ALL DOES NOT let disease happen. Costs less because it avoids... |
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Secondary Prevention |
It is early detection, as it aims to locate symptoms early enough to be treated easily.
EXAMPLES:
- SCREENING: By diagnosing diseases quickly, especially in some cases of cancer and heart disease, the progression of the disease can often be stopped to minimize its effects. GOAL: To identify and treat infected people and to catch the diseases as early as possible to avoid advanced disease and symptoms. OFTEN REFERRED TO AS: Midstream as it detects the problem as it is occuring, often before the patient recognized it and before it gets too serious.
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Early findings of ________. Early enough to be treated _______.
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Tertiary Prevention |
Last resort after first and second prevention have failed. Tertiary prevention becomes the means to fight the disease. EXAMPLES: - FOLLOW UPS - MONITORING ALL PRESCRIBED MEDICATION TO MAKE SURE PATIENT IS TAKING THEM - THERAPY TO HELP RESTORE FUNCTION IN DAMAGING DISEASES - ANY MEDICAL PROCEDURE MEANT TO FIGHT OR CURE THE DISEASE. GOAL: To minimize the negative impact of the sickness, restore function and prevent complications. OFTEN REFERRED TO AS: Downstream as it occurs after condition has taken hold. |
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What is health promotion? |
The process that enables people to improve or have more control over their health. |
Gives power to change health status. |
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Health promotion Strategy 1 |
INDIVIDUAL: Health promotion includes and encourages responsibility and action. |
Self control Active participation |
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Health promotion Strategy 2 |
COMMUNITY GROUPS/ SCHOOLS: They can target individual, local communities, states or entire country. * Health info provided to general public through mass media. * Schools have an important role in health promotion with HEALTH PROMOTION, PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT, SCHOOL CURRICULUM ( eg: sun protection in playground) |
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Health Promotion Strategy 3 |
NON- GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS: These include national and state bodies such as NATIONAL HEART FOUNDATION and the state CANCER COUNCIL. |
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Health Promotion Strategy 4 |
OTTAWA CHARTER: - Develop personal skills - Strengthen community action - Reorient health services - Build healthy public policy - Create supportive environments. |
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