Health Science Ch 1,2 & 3

Front 1

health

Back 1

a state of complete well-being, including physical, psychological, spiritual, social, intellectual, and environmental dimensions.

Front 2

wellness

Back 2

a deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental & spiritual health

Front 3

health promotion

Back 3

an educational & informational process in which people are helped to change attitudes & behaviors in an effort to improve their health

Front 4

prevention

Back 4

information & support offered to help healthy people identify their health risks, reduce stressors, prevent potential medical problems, & enhance their well-being

Front 5

protection

Back 5

measures that an individual can take when participating in risky behavior to prevent injury or unwanted risks

Front 6

predisposing factors

Back 6

the beliefs, values, attitudes, knowledge, & perceptions that influence our behavior

Front 7

enabling factors

Back 7

the skills, resources, & physical & mental capabilities that shape out behavior

Front 8

reinforcing factors

Back 8

rewards, encouragement, & recognition that influence our behavior in the short run

Front 9

transtheoretical model of change

Back 9

a model of behavior change that focuses on the individual's decision making; it states that an individual progresses through a sequence of six stages as he or she makes a change in behavior

Front 10

self-efficacy

Back 10

beliefs in one's ability to accomplish a foal or a change in behavior

Front 11

locus of control

Back 11

an individual's belief about the sources of power & influence over his or her life

Front 12

health belief model (HBM)

Back 12

a model of behavioral change that focuses on the individual's attitudes & beliefs

Front 13

decisional balance

Back 13

weighing the positive & negative consequences of change to yourself & to others

Front 14

norms

Back 14

the unwritten rules regarding behavior & conduct expected or accepted by a group

Front 15

self-talk

Back 15

repetition of positive messages about one's self-worth to learn more optimistic patterns of thought, feeling, & behavior

Front 16

reinforcement

Back 16

reward or punishment for a behavior that will increase or decrease one's likelihood of repeating the behavior

Front 17

affirmation

Back 17

a single positive sentence used as a tool for behavior change

Front 18

emotional health

Back 18

the ability to express & acknowledge one's feelings & moods & exhibit adaptability & compassion for others

Front 19

mental health

Back 19

the ability to perceive reality as it is, response to its challenges, & develop rational strategies for living

Front 20

spiritual health

Back 20

the ability to identify one's basic purpose in life & achieve one's full potential, the sense of connectedness to a greater power

Front 21

culture

Back 21

the set of shared attitudes, values, goal, & practices of a group that are internalized by an individual within the group

Front 22

emotional intelligence

Back 22

a term used by some psychologists to evaluate the capacity of people to understand themselves & relate well with others

Front 23

spiritual intelligence

Back 23

the capacity to sense, understand, & tap into ourselves, others, & the world around us

Front 24

self-actualization

Back 24

a state of wellness & fulfillment that can be achieved once certain human needs are satisfied; living to one's full potential

Front 25

self-esteem

Back 25

confidence & satisfaction in oneself

Front 26

mood

Back 26

a sustained emotional state that colors one's view of the world for hours or days

Front 27

values

Back 27

the criteria by which one make choices about one's thoughts, actions, goals, & ideals

Front 28

altruism

Back 28

acts of helping or giving others without thought of self-benefit

Front 29

autonomy

Back 29

the ability to draw on internal resources; independence from familial & societal influences

Front 30

locus of control

Back 30

an individual's belief about the source of power & influence over his or her life

Front 31

assertive

Back 31

behaving in a confident manner to make your needs & desires clear to others in a nonhostile way

Front 32

social isolation

Back 32

a feeling of unconnectedness with others caused by & reinforced by infrequency of social contacts

Front 33

social phobia

Back 33

a severe form of social anxiety marked by exteme fears & avoidance of social situations

Front 34

mental disorder

Back 34

behavioral or psychological syndrome associated w/ distress or disability or w/ a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain disability, or loss of freedom

Front 35

depression

Back 35

in general, feelings of unhappiness & despair; as a mental illness, also characterized by an inability to function normally

Front 36

anxiety

Back 36

a feeling of apprehension and dread, with or without a known cause; may range from mild to severe and may be accompanied by physical symptoms

Front 37

dysthymia

Back 37

frequent, prolonged mild depression

Front 38

major depression

Back 38

sadness that does not end; ongoing feelings of utter hopelessness

Front 39

antidepressant

Back 39

a drug used primarily to treat symptoms of depression

Front 40

bipolar disorder

Back 40

severe depression alternation w/ periods of manic activity & elation

Front 41

anxiety disorders

Back 41

a group of psychological disorders involving episodes of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness, stemming from the anticipation of danger & sometimes accompanied by physical symptoms, which cause significant distress & impairment to an individual

Front 42

phobia

Back 42

an anxiety disorder marked by an inordinate fear of an object, a class of objects, or a situation, resulting in extreme avoidance behaviors

Front 43

panic attack

Back 43

a short episode characterized by physical sensations of light-headedness, dizziness, hyperventilation, & numbness of extremities, accompanied by an inexplicable terror, usually of a physical disaster such as death

Front 44

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Back 44

an anxiety disorder characterized as chronic distress

Front 45

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Back 45

an anxiety disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions that impair one's ability to function & form relationships

Front 46

panic disorder

Back 46

an anxiety disorder in which the apprehension or experience of recurring panic attacks is so intense that normal functioning is impaired

Front 47

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Back 47

a spectrum of difficulties in controlling motion & sustaining attention, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, & distractibility

Front 48

psychotherapy

Back 48

treatment designed to produce a response by psychological rather than physical means, such as suggestion, persuasion, reassurance, & support

Front 49

psychodynamic

Back 49

interpreting behaviors in terms of early experiences & unconscious influences

Front 50

cognitive therapy

Back 50

a technique used to identify an individual' beliefs & attitudes, recognize negative thought patterns, & educate in alternative ways of thinking

Front 51

behavioral therapy

Back 51

psychotherapy that emphasizes application on the principles of learning to substitute desirable responses & behavior patterns for undesirable ones

Front 52

interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Back 52

a technique used to develop communication skills & relationships

Front 53

psychiatric drugs

Back 53

medications that regulate a person's mental, emotional, & physical functions to facilitate normal functioning

Front 54

stress

Back 54

the nonspecific response of the body to any demands made upon it; may be characterized by muscle tension & acute anxiety, or may be a positive force for action

Front 55

stressor

Back 55

specific or nonspecific agents or situations that cause the stress response in a body

Front 56

eustress

Back 56

positive stress, which stimulates a person to function properly

Front 57

distress

Back 57

a negative stress that may result in illness

Front 58

general adaption syndrome
(GAS)

Back 58

the sequenced physiological response to a stressful situation; consists of three stages: alarm, resistance & exhaustion

Front 59

homeostasis

Back 59

the body's natural state of balance or stability

Front 60

adaptive response

Back 60

the body's attempt to reestablish homeostasis or stability

Front 61

defense mechanism

Back 61

a psychological process that alleviates anxiety & eliminates mental conflict; includes denial, displacement, projection, rationalization, reaction formation & repression

Front 62

progressive relaxation

Back 62

a method of reducing muscle tension by contracting, then relaxing certain areas of the body

Front 63

visualization
or
guided imagery

Back 63

an approach to stress control, self-healing, or motivating life changes by means of seeing oneself in the state of calmness, wellness, or change.

Front 64

meditation

Back 64

a group of approaches that use quiet sitting, breathing techniques, and/or chanting to relax, improve concentration, & become attuned to one's inner self

Front 65

mindfulness

Back 65

a method of stress reduction that involves experiencing the physical & mental sensations of the present moment

Front 66

biofeedback

Back 66

a technique of becoming aware, w/ the aid of external monitoring devices, of internal physiological activities in order to develop the capability of altering them

Front 67

posttaumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)

Back 67

the repeated reliving of a trauma through nightmares of recollection