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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of Neurons
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Sensory: Carry information coming from the environment.
Motor: Transmit instructions to the muscles and glands of the body. Interneurons: Transmit signals from one neuron to another. |
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Basic Anatomy of a Neuron
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Axon: Conducts its signal/ its neural impulse.
Dendrite: receive stimulation from other cells Cell Body: contains the nucleus and metabolic mechanism of the cell. |
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Synapse
Neurotransmitter |
Synapse: the junction between the axon and adjoining dendrite.
Neurotransmitter: chemical messengers crossing the synaptic cleft and binding to receptor sites on the receiving neuron’s dendrite; unlock channels for charged atoms to flow into neuron alerting its readiness to generate a neural impulse. |
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Somatic vs. Autosomatic
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Somatic vs. Autonomic Nervous System: Voluntary; nerves that carry messages from the eyes, ears, and other sense organs to the CNS to muscles and glands / nerves that link the CNS with the heart, intestines, and other internal organs.
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Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous System:
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Consists of groupings of neuron cell bodies/ganglia along spinal cord connecting to internal organs; fight or flight; not closely linked ganglia and act independently; opposite effects.
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Brain stem
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oldest and most central region (medulla, pons, reticular formation)
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Medulla
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brainstem region controlling heartbeat and breathing.
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Reticular formation
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network of neurons from brainstem involved in alertness and arousal.
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Thalamus
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brain’s sensory switchboard; located on top of brainstem routing messages to the cerebral cortex.
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Cerebellum
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located at the rear; coordinates voluntary movement and balance.
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Amygdala
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two clusters of neurons in the limbic system that are linked to emotion esp. aggression.
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Hypothalamus
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below thalamus; influences endocrine sys. via the pituitary gland.
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Parietal Lobe
Sensory Cortex |
Center of the cortex receiving visual info from skin and body.
Sensory Cortex: On the edge of the frontal lobe in parietal; processes sensations. |
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Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe |
1) Auditory info from ear projects here.
2) Behind forehead involved in reasoning, planning and controlling body movement. |
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Motor Cortex
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Back of frontal lobes in front of sensory cortex; vol. movements.
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Pituitary
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master; controlled by hypothal; rel. hormones to act on other glands.
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Hypothalamus
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controls pit. Func. Secretes CRH to ant. Pit. To secrete ACTH to cause adrenal cortex to release cortisol into bloodstream.
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Adrenal Glands
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above kidneys; secrete epine, norep, cortisol, arousal hormones
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Thyroid
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produces hormone thyroxine to help regulate growth and metabolism.
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Pancreas
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produces glucagons and insulin acting in opposition to reg.the level of sugar glucose in the blood; glucagons raises concentration
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Veins
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Return blood from capillaries to heart.
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Antigen
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Foreign substance stim. an immune response.
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Lymph
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colorless fluid formed by water, proteins, microbes, and other foreign substances drained from between cells.
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Lymphocytes
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white blood cells circulated by lymph; produced in bone marrow; search body for antigens. Expand during an immune resp – swelling.
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Lymph Nodes
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contain filters that capture infectious substances and debris; as lymph passes through the lymphocytes destroy foreign particles
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Thymus
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secretes thymosin for controlling maturation and devel. of lymphocytes.
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Phagocytes
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large scavenger cells searching for antigens in blood and tissues; digest antigens.
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Macrophages
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phagocytes at site of infection an lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs; hunt antigens and wornout cells.
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Histamine
Natural Killer Cells |
1) increases blood flow to wound.
2) Nk; smaller lymphocytes patrolling for Diseasesd cells gone awry; secrete interferon. |
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B-Cells
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lymphocyte; attack foreign substances by globulins to suppress toxic effects)
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Pituitary
|
master; controlled by hypothal; rel. hormones to act on other glands.
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Hypothalamus
|
controls pit. Func. Secretes CRH to ant. Pit. To secrete ACTH to cause adrenal cortex to release cortisol into bloodstream.
|
|
|
Adrenal Glands
|
above kidneys; secrete epine, norep, cortisol, arousal hormones
|
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Thyroid
|
produces hormone thyroxine to help regulate growth and metabolism.
|
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Pancreas
|
produces glucagons and insulin acting in opposition to reg.the level of sugar glucose in the blood; glucagons raises concentration
|
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Veins
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Return blood from capillaries to heart.
|
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Antigen
|
Foreign substance stim. an immune response.
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Pituitary
|
master; controlled by hypothal; rel. hormones to act on other glands.
|
|
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Lymph
|
colorless fluid formed by water, proteins, microbes, and other foreign substances drained from between cells.
|
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Hypothalamus
|
controls pit. Func. Secretes CRH to ant. Pit. To secrete ACTH to cause adrenal cortex to release cortisol into bloodstream.
|
|
|
Lymphocytes
|
white blood cells circulated by lymph; produced in bone marrow; search body for antigens. Expand during an immune resp – swelling.
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Adrenal Glands
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above kidneys; secrete epine, norep, cortisol, arousal hormones
|
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Lymph Nodes
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contain filters that capture infectious substances and debris; as lymph passes through the lymphocytes destroy foreign particles
|
|
|
Thyroid
|
produces hormone thyroxine to help regulate growth and metabolism.
|
|
|
Pancreas
|
produces glucagons and insulin acting in opposition to reg.the level of sugar glucose in the blood; glucagons raises concentration
|
|
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Thymus
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secretes thymosin for controlling maturation and devel. of lymphocytes.
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Veins
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Return blood from capillaries to heart.
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Phagocytes
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large scavenger cells searching for antigens in blood and tissues; digest antigens.
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Antigen
|
Foreign substance stim. an immune response.
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Macrophages
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phagocytes at site of infection an lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs; hunt antigens and wornout cells.
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Lymph
|
colorless fluid formed by water, proteins, microbes, and other foreign substances drained from between cells.
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Natural Killer Cells
|
1) increases blood flow to wound.
2) Nk; smaller lymphocytes patrolling for Diseasesd cells gone awry; secrete interferon. |
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Lymphocytes
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white blood cells circulated by lymph; produced in bone marrow; search body for antigens. Expand during an immune resp – swelling.
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B-Cells
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lymphocyte; attack foreign substances by globulins to suppress toxic effects)
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Lymph Nodes
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contain filters that capture infectious substances and debris; as lymph passes through the lymphocytes destroy foreign particles
|
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Thymus
|
secretes thymosin for controlling maturation and devel. of lymphocytes.
|
|
|
Phagocytes
|
large scavenger cells searching for antigens in blood and tissues; digest antigens.
|
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Macrophages
|
phagocytes at site of infection an lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs; hunt antigens and wornout cells.
|
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Natural Killer Cells
|
1) increases blood flow to wound.
2) Nk; smaller lymphocytes patrolling for Diseasesd cells gone awry; secrete interferon. |
|
|
B-Cells
|
lymphocyte; attack foreign substances by globulins to suppress toxic effects)
|
|
|
Pituitary
|
master; controlled by hypothal; rel. hormones to act on other glands.
|
|
|
Hypothalamus
|
controls pit. Func. Secretes CRH to ant. Pit. To secrete ACTH to cause adrenal cortex to release cortisol into bloodstream.
|
|
|
Adrenal Glands
|
above kidneys; secrete epine, norep, cortisol, arousal hormones
|
|
|
Thyroid
|
produces hormone thyroxine to help regulate growth and metabolism.
|
|
|
Pancreas
|
produces glucagons and insulin acting in opposition to reg.the level of sugar glucose in the blood; glucagons raises concentration
|
|
|
Veins
|
Return blood from capillaries to heart.
|
|
|
Antigen
|
Foreign substance stim. an immune response.
|
|
|
Lymph
|
colorless fluid formed by water, proteins, microbes, and other foreign substances drained from between cells.
|
|
|
Lymphocytes
|
white blood cells circulated by lymph; produced in bone marrow; search body for antigens. Expand during an immune resp – swelling.
|
|
|
Lymph Nodes
|
contain filters that capture infectious substances and debris; as lymph passes through the lymphocytes destroy foreign particles
|
|
|
Thymus
|
secretes thymosin for controlling maturation and devel. of lymphocytes.
|
|
|
Phagocytes
|
large scavenger cells searching for antigens in blood and tissues; digest antigens.
|
|
|
Macrophages
|
phagocytes at site of infection an lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs; hunt antigens and wornout cells.
|
|
|
Natural Killer Cells
|
1) increases blood flow to wound.
2) Nk; smaller lymphocytes patrolling for Diseasesd cells gone awry; secrete interferon. |
|
|
B-Cells
|
lymphocyte; attack foreign substances by globulins to suppress toxic effects)
|
|
|
Pituitary
|
master; controlled by hypothal; rel. hormones to act on other glands.
|
|
|
Hypothalamus
|
controls pit. Func. Secretes CRH to ant. Pit. To secrete ACTH to cause adrenal cortex to release cortisol into bloodstream.
|
|
|
Adrenal Glands
|
above kidneys; secrete epine, norep, cortisol, arousal hormones
|
|
|
Pituitary
|
master; controlled by hypothal; rel. hormones to act on other glands.
|
|
|
Thyroid
|
produces hormone thyroxine to help regulate growth and metabolism.
|
|
|
Pancreas
|
produces glucagons and insulin acting in opposition to reg.the level of sugar glucose in the blood; glucagons raises concentration
|
|
|
Hypothalamus
|
controls pit. Func. Secretes CRH to ant. Pit. To secrete ACTH to cause adrenal cortex to release cortisol into bloodstream.
|
|
|
Adrenal Glands
|
above kidneys; secrete epine, norep, cortisol, arousal hormones
|
|
|
Veins
|
Return blood from capillaries to heart.
|
|
|
Thyroid
|
produces hormone thyroxine to help regulate growth and metabolism.
|
|
|
Antigen
|
Foreign substance stim. an immune response.
|
|
|
Pancreas
|
produces glucagons and insulin acting in opposition to reg.the level of sugar glucose in the blood; glucagons raises concentration
|
|
|
Veins
|
Return blood from capillaries to heart.
|
|
|
Lymph
|
colorless fluid formed by water, proteins, microbes, and other foreign substances drained from between cells.
|
|
|
Antigen
|
Foreign substance stim. an immune response.
|
|
|
Lymphocytes
|
white blood cells circulated by lymph; produced in bone marrow; search body for antigens. Expand during an immune resp – swelling.
|
|
|
Lymph
|
colorless fluid formed by water, proteins, microbes, and other foreign substances drained from between cells.
|
|
|
Lymph Nodes
|
contain filters that capture infectious substances and debris; as lymph passes through the lymphocytes destroy foreign particles
|
|
|
Lymphocytes
|
white blood cells circulated by lymph; produced in bone marrow; search body for antigens. Expand during an immune resp – swelling.
|
|
|
Thymus
|
secretes thymosin for controlling maturation and devel. of lymphocytes.
|
|
|
Lymph Nodes
|
contain filters that capture infectious substances and debris; as lymph passes through the lymphocytes destroy foreign particles
|
|
|
Phagocytes
|
large scavenger cells searching for antigens in blood and tissues; digest antigens.
|
|
|
Thymus
|
secretes thymosin for controlling maturation and devel. of lymphocytes.
|
|
|
Macrophages
|
phagocytes at site of infection an lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs; hunt antigens and wornout cells.
|
|
|
Phagocytes
|
large scavenger cells searching for antigens in blood and tissues; digest antigens.
|
|
|
Natural Killer Cells
|
1) increases blood flow to wound.
2) Nk; smaller lymphocytes patrolling for Diseasesd cells gone awry; secrete interferon. |
|
|
Macrophages
|
phagocytes at site of infection an lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs; hunt antigens and wornout cells.
|
|
|
B-Cells
|
lymphocyte; attack foreign substances by globulins to suppress toxic effects)
|
|
|
Natural Killer Cells
|
1) increases blood flow to wound.
2) Nk; smaller lymphocytes patrolling for Diseasesd cells gone awry; secrete interferon. |
|
|
B-Cells
|
lymphocyte; attack foreign substances by globulins to suppress toxic effects)
|
|
|
Pituitary
|
master; controlled by hypothal; rel. hormones to act on other glands.
|
|
|
Hypothalamus
|
controls pit. Func. Secretes CRH to ant. Pit. To secrete ACTH to cause adrenal cortex to release cortisol into bloodstream.
|
|
|
Adrenal Glands
|
above kidneys; secrete epine, norep, cortisol, arousal hormones
|
|
|
Thyroid
|
produces hormone thyroxine to help regulate growth and metabolism.
|
|
|
Pancreas
|
produces glucagons and insulin acting in opposition to reg.the level of sugar glucose in the blood; glucagons raises concentration
|
|
|
Veins
|
Return blood from capillaries to heart.
|
|
|
Antigen
|
Foreign substance stim. an immune response.
|
|
|
Lymph
|
colorless fluid formed by water, proteins, microbes, and other foreign substances drained from between cells.
|
|
|
Lymphocytes
|
white blood cells circulated by lymph; produced in bone marrow; search body for antigens. Expand during an immune resp – swelling.
|
|
|
Lymph Nodes
|
contain filters that capture infectious substances and debris; as lymph passes through the lymphocytes destroy foreign particles
|
|
|
Thymus
|
secretes thymosin for controlling maturation and devel. of lymphocytes.
|
|
|
Phagocytes
|
large scavenger cells searching for antigens in blood and tissues; digest antigens.
|
|
|
Macrophages
|
phagocytes at site of infection an lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs; hunt antigens and wornout cells.
|
|
|
Natural Killer Cells
|
1) increases blood flow to wound.
2) Nk; smaller lymphocytes patrolling for Diseasesd cells gone awry; secrete interferon. |
|
|
B-Cells
|
lymphocyte; attack foreign substances by globulins to suppress toxic effects)
|
