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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is PTSD? What causes it? What are the three main challenges? |
a mental disorder that can develop after one is exposed to a really traumatic event; usually a result of allostatic load 1. Cues can trigger re-experiencing the event, further evoking the stress response 2. The person may avoid anything similar to that event 3. Hyper-arousal of their stress system; the stress response is extremely sensitive and very easily triggered even by unfearful stimuli |
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Compare and contrast PTSD and depression. What are the similar symptoms? As aphysician why might mistaken PTSD for depression? |
Both diseases share; a severe affect change, and social withdrawal PTSD has many more physical changes that depression does not e.g. heart palpations, shortness of breath, tremor, insomnia, unexplained pain |
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How does the amygdala response differ for individuals with PTSD/chronic compared tothose without PTSD? How would this impact the stress response? |
PTSD individuals have a much more sensitive amygdala; the stress response gets activated much more frequently |
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How does the hippocampus differ for individuals with PTSD/chronic stress compared tothose without PTSD? How would this impact the stress response? |
For PTSD individuals, cells of the hippocampus will shrink over time, evident by a shorter dendrite length and fewer number of branch points. A damaged hippocampus is much less effective at inhibiting the HPA axis; it will take much longer to recover from a stress response. |
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What does it mean to be resilient? In the study by Kilic et al 2013, what factors predictedresilience? Were they physical or psychological? What is the direction of the correlation foreach factor? |
Resilience means adapting well in the face of adversity. Both physical factors (i.e. severity of injury, time since injury) and psychological factors (i.e. self-efficacy) were correlated with resilience. The study found that psychological factors were much more correlated with resilience that physiological factors |
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Who is Chris Waddell? What happened to him? Did his physically active lifestyle make himresilient? How? |
Chris Waddell was an elite athlete (skiier) who had a spinal cord injury that paralyzed his legs. He was very resilient and ended up becoming one of the greatest Paralympians of all time. Physical activity has been shown to be correlated with resilience. |
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How does exercise impact rodents response to the learned helplessness paradigm andwhy? |
Active rats exhibited a much quicker escape latency and less learned helplessness than sedentary rats. It is believed that exercise promotes neruogenesis in the hippocampus, which combats the shrinking of cells that occurs during allostatic load. |
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How does extinction work to inhibit a conditioned fear response? How might this be aneffective treatment for PTSD? |
Constantly show a conditioned stimulus without a conditioned response, until the conditioned stimulus becomes "unconditioned" For a PTSD individual, virtual reality or an image of the traumatic event can be played over and over again, until they lose the fear response |
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What is mindfulness meditation? How is it similar to extinction in classical conditioning?How does this impact the activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala? |
Mindfulness mediation involves stopping negative thoughts and learning to inhibit the conditioned response. This can help inhibit the amygdala response by increasing the activity of the prefrontal cortex |
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What would happen if the PFC were more active? How would this impact the activity levelof the amygdala and the response of the stress system? |
If the PFC were more active, the amygdala would be inhibited much more often, causing the stress response to occur less frequently |
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What would happen if the PFC were less active? How would this impact the activity level ofthe amygdala and the response of the stress system? |
If the PFC were less active, the amygdala would be more active and the stress response would occur much more frequently. |
