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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of epigenetics? |
External modifications to DNA that affect the expressions of different genes (can promote or inhibit translation of certain genes) |
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What are HLG and LLG mothers? What was the best evidence for an impact of the environment on stress response? |
HLG - high licking and grooming LLG - low licking and grooming HLG mothers had offspring that had low stress in the future LLG mothers had offspring that had high stress in the future This shows that adult stress levels can be associated with maternal care. |
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What happened during the Dutch famine and how did this impact the stress response? |
Extreme food shortages for the dutch for over a year; babies conceived during this period were affected for the rest of their lives; they had high levels of stress and anxiety during adulthood |
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How does an allostatic response differ from a homeostatic response? |
An allostatic response would be changing cortisol levels in response to stress, while a homeostatic response would to maintain cortisol levels in the body within a certain range. |
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What is allostatic load, what causes it, and what are the consequences? |
Allostatic load occurs when the allostatic response is over stimulated; this can damage the stress response over time |
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How does the stress response shut off? |
Works through negative feedback; cortisol will inhibit the pituitary gland from releasing ACTH, and inhibit the hypothalamus from releasing CRH |
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What role does the hippocampus play in stress response recovery? |
The hippocampus inhibits the hypothalamus to shut off the HPA axis and cortisol production. |
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Compare and contrast mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) or glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). What is the role of MRs and GRs in the stress response? What happens to the stress response if the number of MRs or GRs increases or decreases? Draw a graph. |
Mineralocorticoid receptors have a high affinity for coritsol and are always occupied; they determine baseline levels of cortisol Glucocorticoid receptors have low affinity for cortisol, they are only occupied when cortisol levels are high; they help determine how fast one recovers from spikes in cortisol levels. If MRs decrease, baseline cortisol levels will be higher. If GRs decrease, recovery from high cortisol levels will be much slower. |
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How does early life stressors impact the genetic expression of MRs and GRs? Is this caused by epigenetics or genetics? |
Early life stressors will decrease GR and MR levels. Research has shown that this is mainly caused by epigenetics. |
