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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between an immediate and anticipated stressor? How do they impact the stress response? |
An immediate stress evokes a response after the stress has been detected, while an anticipated response occurs simply because we believe something bad will soon happen. Immediate stress can be good for us, it prepares us for performance. Anticipated stressor are not so good for us because a lot of the times, we worry ourselves in to stress when nothing truly happens; this type of stress can damage our stress response over time. |
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Can anything become a stressor? If so, how? |
Anything can become a stressor through classical conditioning. You just have to pair an innocuous cue (CS) to a threat (US). Eventually, the innocuous cue, something that wasn't originally fearful, becomes fearful. |
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Describe classical conditioning. What are the CS, US, CR and UR? |
Classical conditioning refers to a learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) is paired with a neutral/conditioned stimulus. The eventual result is that the neutral stimulus will elicit the biological response associated with the unconditioned stimulus; a conditioned response CS - neutral US - a biologically potent stimulus that causes a response (e.g. stress, fear) UR - a natural response from the US CS - a UR to a CS |
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How do you acquire fear to an innocuous stimulus? |
Your brain learns to associate the innocuous stimulus to a threatening stimulus through repeated pairing. |
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Compare and contrast the role of the hippocampus and the amygdala in fear conditioning. How do they interface with the stress system? |
The hippocampus is associated with learning and memory, as well as spacial processing, while the amygdala is associated with emotional processing and fear. The amygdala can stimulate the hypothalamus to trigger the SAM and HPA axes. |
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What type of fear conditioning would be impacted if you lesion the amygdala? |
All fear conditioning would be gone. |
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What type of fear conditioning would be impacted if you lesion the hippocampus? |
Spacial/contextual conditioning to fear would be gone. |
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What is learned helplessness? |
A stress response that leads to freezing; we do nothing in response do the stress because we feel powerless and believe that there is nothing that can be done. |
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Describe the learned helplessness paradigm. What are the two conditions? What happensin phase 1 and phase 2? How is learned helplessness measured? |
Phase 1: 2 groups; first group of dogs had a button to stop the shock, second group did not and was uncontrollably shocked Phase 2: both groups of dogs could escape the shock by jumping over a small fence; first group of dogs all did so (had a short escape latency) but the dogs of the second group did not try to escape; they demonstrated learned helplessness Learned helplessness can be measured through cortisol levels; when learned helplessness occurs, cortisol levels go up in response to the stress and they stay high for an extended period of time. |
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Is the stress response on or off when experiencing learned helplessness? Is thebehavioral response typical or atypical and why? |
The stress response is still on when facing learned helplessness but the behavoural response is atypical because we are choosing not to do anything to resolve the stressor. |
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Provide three examples that would create learned helplessness in humans. |
Too much homework and deadlines in one week |
