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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychosomatic medicine
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Illness is the result of unresolved emotional conflicts that cause stress/anxiety and affect the autonomic nervous system.
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Flanders Dunbar
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Influential figure in institutionalizing psychosomatic medicine in the United states:
-Published Emotions and Bodily Changes (1935) -Founded American Psychosomatic Society -editor of Psychosomatic Medicine |
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Operational Definition
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Specific process whereby an abstract empirical term is measured.
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Random Assignment
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A process of assignment where participants have an equal likelihood of being assigned to each condition.
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p-value
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The probability that a difference between groups occurred by chance. If the p<.05, the differences are generally considered to be significant.
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Moderation
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When a third variable (C) changes the relationship between variables A + B. The moderator describes an interaction.
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Mediation
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When an introduced third variable (C) significantly reduces or eliminates the relationship between A + B. The mediator explains a relationship.
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Biomedical model
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Illness is the result of biological factors, and health is the absence of symptoms and illness. In this model, the doctor is the ultimate authority.
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Biopsychosocial model
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Illness and health are consequences of the interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors. It states that we can achieve greater health than the absence of illness.
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Window of vulnerability
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A period of time in adolescence when students are first exposed to many poor health behaviors, such as smoking and drug use.
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy
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A form of therapy that helps a patient understand the thoughts and feelings that influence their behaviors, and seeks to change those thoughts, feelings, and behaviors through a number of goal-oriented procedures.
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Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions will...
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change the focus to the target behavior itself, the conditions that elicit and maintain it, and the factors that reinforce it. Also focuses heavily on the beliefs that people hold about their health habits.
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Health belief model
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Theorizes that health behaviors depend on whether a person perceives a personal health threat, and whether the person believes that a particular health practice will be effective in reducing that threat.
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Theory of planned behavior
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Theorizes that health behaviors are the direct result of behavior intentions, which are made of three components: attitudes toward the specific action, subjective norms regarding the action, and perceived behavioral control.
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Transtheoretical model of behavior change
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States that there are four stages people go through in attempting to bring about change: precontemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. It suggests different treatment goals and interventions for each stage.
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Health action process approach
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Health behaviors are dictated by two major phases: motivation phase, and a volition (planning, action, maintenance) phase. Perceived self-efficacy plays a crucial role at all stages.
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Social engineering
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Modifying the environment in ways that affect people's ability to practice a particular health behavior.
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Collaborative implementation intentions
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A type of intervention in which individuals are told to find a partner and make specific, goal-oriented plans with that partner. It is empirically supported as an effective mode of exercise intervention.
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Self-efficacy
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A person's beliefs in their ability to do something.
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Risk perception
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A person's beliefs about the likelihood and severity of potential harm.
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Numeracy
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A person's ability to understand numerical concepts.
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Risk-as-feelings hypthesis
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States that a person's emotional reactions often diverge from their cognitive reactions in situations involving risk.
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Life-span perspective
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State that people change and develop over time:
-cognitive functioning -common illnesses -changes in biology -changes in social relationships |
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Gender perspective
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Males and females differ in:
-biological functioning -risk of developing specific illnesses -common health-related behaviors -social relationships |
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Sociocultural perspective
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Different social and cultural groups differ in:
-risk for certain types of illnesses -environmental factors -access to health care -beliefs about the etiology and treatment of illness -values that affect health-related behaviors |
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Factors that influence the practice of health behaviors/habits:
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Age
Stress level Social support Cultural and personal values Health locus of control Social influence Perceived symptoms Access to health care Cognitive factors Emotional factors |
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Potential barriers to behavior change
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Difficulty identifying the underlying cause of the behavior (or lack of behavior)
Causes may change over time and over lifetime. |
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How to improve reactions towards risk feedback:
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Self-affirmation
Positive mood Emphasizing quality of information |
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External influences on eating behavior
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Marketing and advertising
Color and lighting Portion sizes |
