Health Promotion Theories

Front 1

Explanatory Theory

Back 1

reasons why a problem exists, guides search for factors that contribute to a problem and can be changed

Hint 1

eg Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Precaution Adoption Process Model

Front 2

Change Theory

Back 2

guides development of interventions, why a program will work

Hint 2

eg Community Organization, Diffusion of Innovations

Front 3

Characteristics of a Good Theory

Back 3

Logical
Consistent with everyday observations
Similar to those used in previous successful programs
Supported by past research in the same area or related ideas

Front 4

Targeting

Back 4

using information about shared characteristics of a population subgroup to create a single intervention approach for that group

Hint 4

vs Tailoring

Front 5

Tailoring

Back 5

uses an assessment to derive information about one specific person and then offers change of information strategies for an outcome of interest based on that person's unique characteristics

Hint 5

vs Targeting

Front 6

Ecological Perspective

Back 6

emphasizes the interaction between, and interdependence of, factors within and across all levels of a health problem (physical and sociocultural environments)
- multiple levels of influence
- reciprocal causation

Front 7

Levels of influence for health-related behaviours and conditions

Back 7

1. intrapersonal/individual
2. interpersonal
3. institutional/organizational
4. community
5. public policy

Hint 7

1. knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, personality traits, past experiences, skills, developmental history
2. family, friends, peers that provide social identity, support and role definition
3. rules, regulations, policies and informal structures which may constrain of promote recommended behaviours
4. social networks and norms, formal or informal, among individuals, groups and orgs
5. local, state and federal policies and laws that regulate of support healthy actions and practices

Front 8

Reciprocal causation

Back 8

people both influence, and are influenced by, those around them

Front 9

Cognitive-Behavioural key concepts

Back 9

1. Behaviour is mediated by cognitions
2. Knowledge is necessary for, but not sufficient to produce change
3. Perceptions, motivations, skills and the social environment are key influences

Front 10

Health Belief Model
- one of first theories of health behaviour
-remains one of most widely recognized
- good fit for addressing problem behaviours that evoke health concerns

Back 10

6 Main constructs influence people's decision whether to take action:
1. Perceived Susceptibility (beliefs about chances of getting condition)
2. Perceived Severity (beliefs about seriousness and consequences)
3. Perceived Benefits (beliefs about effectiveness of taking action to reduce risk)
4. Perceived Barriers (beliefs about material and psych costs of taking action)
5. Cues to Action (factors activating "readiness to change")
6. Self-efficacy (confidence in ability to take action)

Hint 10

Potential Change Strategies:
1. define pop'n at risk and levels of risk; tailor risk info based on individual; help individual develop accurate perception of own risk
2. specify consequences of condition
3. explain how, where, when to take action and potential positive results
4. offer reassurance, incentives, assistance; correct misinformation
5. provide "how to" info, promote awareness; reminder systems
6. provide training and guidance; use progressive goal setting; verbl reinforcement; demonstrate desired behaviours

Front 11

Stages of Change (Transtheoretical) Model

Back 11

- behaviour is a process, not an event
5 stages:
1. precontemplation
2. contemplation
3. preparation
4. action
5. maintenance
- ppl at different points along continuum have diff info needs and benefit from diff interventions
- may cycle through repeatedly

Hint 11

definition (potential change strategies)
1. no intention of taking action within next 6 months (increase awareness of need for change; personalize info re: risks and benefits)
2. intendes to take action in next 6 months (motivate, encourage making specific plans)
3. intends to take action within next 30 days and has taken some behavioural steps in this direction (assist with developing and implementing concrete action plans; help set gradual goals)
4. has changed behaviour for less than 6 months (assist with feedback, problem solving, social support and reinforcement)
5. has changed behaviour for more than 6 months (assist with coping, reminders, finding alternatives, avoid slips/relapses)

Front 12

Theory of Planned Behaviour and theory of Reasoned Action

Back 12

- assume 'behavioural intention' is most important determinant
- influenced by 'attitude' and 'subjective norms'
TPB also includes 'perceived behavioural control'

Hint 12

behavioural intention - perceived likelihood of performing behaviour (are you likely or unlikely to perform the behaviour?)
attitude - personal evaluation of the behaviour (do you see the behaviour as good, neutral or bad?)
subjective norm - beliefs about whether individuals who are important to the person approve or disapprove of the behaviour (do you agree or disagree that most people approve or disapprove of the behaviour?)
PBC - belief that one has, and can excercise, control over performing the behaviour (do you believe performing the behaviour is up to you or not up to you?)