Health Promotion And Maintenance

Front 1

Define primary care and describe it's significance in today's health care environment

Back 1

a. Achieving and maintaining health for each individual patient
b. Primary disease prevention and health promotioncritical elements of comprehensive health care that primary care provider’s must address
c. Cornerstone for primary prevention=health screenings and immunizations, health risk assessment and education about a healthy lifestyle

Front 2

What is primary prevention? Give an example

Back 2

Primary prevention: prevention before the person gets the disease

Example: encourage the use of sunscreen

Front 3

What is secondary prevention? Give an example

Back 3

Secondary prevention: after the disease has occurred, but before patient notices anything is wrong
Example: NP checking for skin growths; objective is to find and treat early

Front 4

What is tertiary prevention? Give an example

Back 4

Tertiary prevention: targets the patient that already has the disease; prevent damage and pain from disease, prevent complications, give better care to people with the disease
Example: patient has melanoma; develop better treatments for melanoma

Front 5

Describe the purpose and work of the USPSTF

Back 5

-USPSTF is a panel of nongovernment primary care providers and health behavior providers considered to be experts in health promotion and disease prevention and in evaluation of evidence for health related research
-Supported by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
-Periodically review available scientific evidence and make screening counseling and prevention recommendations for primary care providers and health care systems
-Work is central to the preventive benefits covered under the patient protection and affordable care act
-Under new law, the new plans and policies with a task force grade of A or B will be covered with no cost sharing requirements

Front 6

Grade A evidence

Back 6

Strongly Recommended: The USPSTF strongly recommends that clinicians provide [the service] to eligible patients. The USPSTF found good evidence that [the service] improves important health outcomes and concludes that benefits substantially outweigh harms.

Front 7

Grade B evidence

Back 7

Recommended: The USPSTF recommends that clinicians provide [the service] to eligible patients. The USPSTF found at least fair evidence that [the service] improves important health outcomes and concludes that benefits outweigh harms.

Front 8

Grade C evidence

Back 8

No Recommendation: The USPSTF makes no recommendation for or against routine provision of [the service]. The USPSTF found at least fair evidence that [the service] can improve health outcomes but concludes that the balance of benefits and harms is too close to justify a general recommendation

Front 9

Grade D evidence

Back 9

D—Not Recommended: The USPSTF recommends against routinely providing [the service] to asymptomatic patients. The USPSTF found at least fair evidence that [the service] is ineffective or that harms outweigh benefits.

Front 10

I evidence

Back 10

Insufficient Evidence to Make a Recommendation: The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against routinely providing [the service]. Evidence that the [service] is effective is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined.

Front 11

Screening for Prostate CA

Back 11

Grade D recommendation; the USPSTF recommends against screening for PSA based screening for prostate CA

Front 12

USPSTF recommendation for Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation in men or premenopausal women

Back 12

I statement

Front 13

USPSTF recommendation for Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation in Community-dwelling postmenopausal women at doses of >400 IU of vitamin D3 and >1,000 mg of calcium

Back 13

I statement

Front 14

USPSTF recommendation for Vitamin D and calcium supplementation in Community-dwelling postmenopausal women at doses of ≤400 IU of vitamin D3 and ≤1,000 mg of calcium

Back 14

D recommendation

no net benefit for the primary prevention of fractures

Front 15

Screening for osteoporosis in women

Back 15

B recommendation

In women ages 65 of older without previous known fractures or secondary causes of osteoporosis

AND

in women less than 65 whose 10 year fracture risk is equal to or greater than that of a 65 year old white woman with no additional risk factors

Front 16

Screening test for osteoporosis

Back 16

*dual energy x ray absorptiometry of the hip and lumbar spine

Front 17

Who is considered "at risk" for HIV infection

Back 17

Men who have sex with men and active injection drug users are at very high risk for new HIV infection. Other persons at high risk include those who have acquired or request testing for other sexually transmitted infections.

Behavioral risk factors for HIV infection include:

- Having unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse
-Having sexual partners who are HIV-infected, bisexual, or injection drug users
-Exchanging sex for drugs or money

Front 18

Screening for HIV

Back 18

Grade A recommendation

*Adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 year,
*younger adolescents and older adults at increased risk for infection
*and pregnant women

Front 19

Screening test for HIV

Back 19

*repeatedly reactive enzyme immunoassay, followed by confirmatory western blot or immunofluorescent assay; rapid HIV antibody testing is also highly accurate