Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Primary Prevention
|
Activities provided to patients to prevent the onset or acquisition of a given disease.
"p=prevent" |
|
Examples of Primary Prevention
|
Immunizations and chemoprophylaxis
Adequate illumination in home, fall risk reduction |
|
Secondary Prevention
|
Activities to identify and treat asymptomatic persons who have risk factors for a given disease
"s=screening" |
|
Example of Secondary Prevention
|
screening examinations:
Mammogram Paps Blood pressure measurement lipid profiles |
|
Tertiary prevention
|
Part of management of a person with an established disease
"t=treat" Goal:minimize disease associated complications and negative health effects |
|
Example of Tertiary Prevention
|
medications
lifestyle modifications adjustment of therapy |
|
passive immunity
|
Immunity produced by the transfer to one person of antibodies that were produced by another person.
Short term IG |
|
Active immunity
|
Resistance developed in response to an antigen.
Immunizations |
|
Flu is spread largely by
|
droplet (cough or sneeze)
|
|
Flu incubation period
|
1-4 days
|
|
How long do children remain infectious with the flu?
|
10 days after onset of symptoms
(can shed virus before onset of symptoms) |
|
How long to adults remain infectious with the flu?
|
5 days after onset of sx
|
|
Amantadine (symmetrel) and Rimantadine (flumadine)
|
treatment and prevention of influenza A
**high level of resistance |
|
Zanamivir (Relenza) and Ostamivir (tamiflu)
|
treatment and prevention of influenza B
must use early in acute illness |
|
FluMist (nasal flu)
|
Live, attenuated (but weakened) virus
Approved in people 2-49 years |
|
What % of healthcare workers receive the flu vaccine annually?
|
40%
|
|
MMR vaccine---live or killed?
|
Live, attenuated
|
|
MMR adult administration
|
two vaccines 1 month apart
(if born after 1957) |
|
Pneumococcal disease caused by what bacteria
|
Strep pneumoniae
|
|
Medical indications for Pneumococcal vaccine
|
chronic lung disease (asthma too)
chronic cardiovascular disease diabetes chronic liver disease anatomic or functional asplenia (sickle cell) immunocompromising conditions residents of nursing homes smokers age >65 |
|
Pneumococcal vaccine in persons >65
|
one time revaccination if
> 5 years since previous vaccine and younger than 65 at the time of that vaccine |
|
Hepatitis B transmission
|
exchange of blood and body fluids
|
|
Recombinant Hep B vaccine--live or killed?
|
killed
|
|
Hep B vaccine contraindicated in persons with allergy to?
|
Baker's yeast
"B=Baker's" |
|
How many vaccines to receive immunity from Hep B?
|
3
|
|
An acute Hep B patient who has not been immunized should receive
|
HBIG and hep B immunization series.
|
|
Smallpox transmission
|
deposit of infected droplets into nasal, oral or pharyngeal mucosal membrane
Direct and fairly prolonged face to face contact usually required. |
|
When is smallpox most contagious?
|
with onset of rash
|
|
how long is smallpox contagious?
|
until last scab falls off
|
|
Incubation of smallpox
|
7-17 days (asymptomatic and not contagious)
|
|
Smallpox vaccine--live or killed?
|
live vaccinia virus
|
|
Smallpox rash features
|
Starts on face and migrates down.
All lesions are always at same stage |
|
Varicella vaccine administration children
|
After first b-day and repeat between age 4&6
|
|
Varicella vaccine administration in adults
|
2 immunizations 4-8 weeks apart
|
|
Post exposure varicella vaccination
|
within 3-5 days of exposure
|
|
How many tetanus vaccines provides long term immunity?
|
3 vaccines
|
|
How often should tetanus booster be given
|
every 10 years
|
|
Tdap protects against
|
pertussis
1 dose in adulthood |
|
Adult initial tetanus immunizations
|
3 doses of tetanus total
2 can be Td 1 should be Tdap |
|
If it has been greater than 10 years since last tetanus booster, should receive:
|
Tdap
|
|
Most common source of Hep A
|
contaminated water
|
|
Poliovirus transmission
|
fecal-oral
|
|
Breast cancer screening guidelines
(mammography) |
Starting at age 40:
Moderate to High risk--annually |
|
Colorectal cancer screening
|
starting at age 50:
annual FOBT sigmoid q5 years OR colonoscopy q10 years |
|
Prostate cancer screening guidelines
|
Starting at age 45 for African American or first degree relatives with prostate.
|
|
Cervical cancer screening guidelines
|
3 years after first intercourse, no later than 21 years of age.
Every year. After age 30: 2-3 years with 3 previous normal paps |
|
Endometrial cancer screening guidelines
|
At menopause, unless high risk...then offer at age 35.
|