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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Material Phenomena |
Are such with a physical presence that can be readily observed; they consist of facts such as the physical environment, population and it's characteristics, and the technologies used to exploit the physical environment or to control population growth and level |
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Social (Structural) Phenomena |
Refers to all human groups and organisations. Eg government, economic and family systems |
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Ideational phenomena |
Comprises of all values, norms, ideologies, religious beliefs and other symbolic items present in all societies |
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Human Inequalities |
Differences in heart status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups |
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Socioeconomic Health Inequalities |
Differences in health status or in the distribution off health determinants according to socioeconomic status/social class |
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Socioeconomic status |
A person's social and economic position in relation to others, based on income, education and occupation |
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Epidemiology |
The study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why |
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Social Epidemiology |
A branch of epidemiology that focuses particularly on the effects of social-structural factors on states of health |
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Standardised Mortality Rate |
Ration of observed deaths in the study group to expected deaths in the general population |
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Evolutionary Biology |
The study of patterns of variation among living things |
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Adaption |
A trait that facilitates survival/reproduction under a specific set of circumstances, generally encountered by individuals of the species in question |
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Adaptability |
Ability to change behaviour/physiology so as to facilitate survival/reproduction under a range of circumstances |
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Nutrition |
The process of obtaining the food necessary for growth and health |
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Nutrients |
The didactic chemicals that organisms derive from food for their nutrition |
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Micronutrients |
Nutrients needed in small quantities |
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Macronutrients |
Nutrients needed in large quantities |
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Catabolism |
Breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules |
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Anabolism |
Building larger molecules from smaller molecules |
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What does magnesium deficiency cause? |
Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes |
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Reference Nutrient Intakes |
Estimate of the amount of nutrients that should meet the needs of most of the group to which an individual belongs |
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Estimated Average Requirements |
Estimate of the requirements of an average person belonging to the group |
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Lower Reference Nutrient Intakes |
Estimate of the threshold at which few of the group have their needs met |
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State the symptoms of metabolic syndrome |
Obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes |
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Food Deserts |
Areas in which access to cheap and healthy food is restricted without public transport |
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Siegrist Personal Self-Regulation |
Fulfilment of social roles enables self regulation via positive feedback from others, acceptance within society. Individuals may supplement a lack of social rewards by consuming unhealthy substances |
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Who designed the prosocial spending study? |
Aknin - using 136 counties. In 120 countries buying a gift for someone else was more beneficial than buying one for yourself |
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Outline the Carolina Abecedarian Project |
•Social experiment on 111 disadvantaged children •57 children received daily cognitive simulation and supervised play •Health followed up at age 30 •Blood pressure higher in treatment group compared to control group who received no added attention |
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Goitrogenic Foods |
Food which disrupts the uptake of iodine needed for thyroids |
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How do you measure your Ponderal Index? |
(Weight x 100 ÷ length)^3 |
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How to calculate BMI |
Weight (kg) ÷ Height (m^2) |
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How do you measure body fat? |
Bioelectrical impedance •low voltage electric current •Measures resistance to fat •Fat is a poor conductor |
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Outline how the Bod Pod works |
Used air displacement to measure body volume |
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Outline DEXA Scans |
Uses two x-ray energies to measure body fat, muscle, and bone mineral content |
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Disability Adjusted Life years |
A measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the cumulative number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death |
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Phenomenology |
Experiencing ill health. The study of consciousness and the objects of direct experience |
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Illness Narratives |
Interpreting ill health |
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Ontology |
The study of 'what is' |
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Epistemology |
The study of knowledge |
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Iatrogenesis |
Ill-health caused by medical interventions |
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Life History Theory |
A theory of biology seeks to explain an organisms anatomy and history through the way their life histories have been shaped by natural selection |
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WHR |
WHR is an indicator of a person's health determined by their waist to hip ratio |
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Evolutionary mismatch |
When the environment changes previous adaptations to past environments create a mismatch that can only be solved through further evolution |
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Medicalization |
Medicalization is the process through which human conditions come to be defined as medical conditions |
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Obesogenic environment |
The sum of influences that the environment has on promoting obesity in individuals within a population |
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Epidemiological transition |
The process by which the pattern of morality changes from one of high mortality in infants and the elderly to one caused by degenerative and man-made illness |
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Psychosocial stress |
The emotional and psychological reaction experienced when an individual confronts a situation in which the demands go beyond their coping resources |
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Cultural pluralism |
Smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural values |
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Haber process |
Producing ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen |
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Social death |
The alienation of a people from society to the point where they are forgotten |
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Sex |
The biological attributes of men and women |
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Gender |
Social construct incorporating personality, attitudes, feelings and behaviours thay societies differentially ascribe to men and women |
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Patriarchy |
A social system in which structural differences in privilege, power and authority are invested in masculinity and the cultural, economic and/or social positions of men |
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Women's Health |
A woman's total wellbeing, not determined solely by biological factors and repreduction, but also by effects of workload, nutrition, stress, war and migration |
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Define Medical Anthropology |
A subfield of anthropology drawing upon social, cultural, biological and linguistic anthropology |
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For each region, correlate a culture bound syndrome: •Malaysia •West Africa •Japan •Spain |
Amok- dissociativeness followed by brooding then aggressive outbursts Brain fag- difficulties concentrating remembering and thinking Hikikomori- social withdrawal Evil eye- disease, misfortune
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What classes disease |
Definition of a health problem by a medical expert |
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What classes illness |
Definition of a health problem by the patient |
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What classes sickness |
Definition of the social Rome attached to a health problem by society at large |
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Define disease |
Abnormalities in the structure and function of body organs and systems |
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Define sickness |
The sum total of disease and illness in the individual person |
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Define Ethnomedicine |
Traditional knowledge and practices of healing of a particular people |
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Define individual |
A construct of a person that stresses autonomy, separateness subs independence |
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Define dividual |
Among certain peoples the person is understood not as individual but as extending into other persons or things |
