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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nutrition |
the process of obtaining the food necessary for growth and health |
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Nutrients |
The specific chemicals that organisms derive from food for their nutrition |
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Brown, 1991: all cultures exhibit the following: |
co-operative labour fire-making cooking meal times family feasting food taboos |
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Macronutrients |
Needed in large quantities Water carbohydrates fats protein |
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Micronutrients |
Needed in small amounts Vitamins Minerals |
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Catabolism |
The process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules thus releasing energy |
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Anabolism |
The process of building larger molecules from smaller molecules thus requiring energy |
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Vitamin A deficiency |
Visual impairment Impaired immune function - increasing risk of disease and death from infections Major problem in poorer parts of Africa and SE Asia |
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Vitamin D deficiency |
Facilitates absorption of calcium Usually synthesised from exposure to sunlight (UV) Rickets is a product of this deficiency People with dark skin living in low-light environments are particularly at risk |
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Magnesium deficiency |
4th most abundant mineral in the body Involved in many biological processes symptomatic deficiencies are rare Low levels are associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hypertension |
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Rabbit 'starvation' |
Over reliance on lean meats for macronutrients meaning low carbohydrate and fat intake Symptoms include diarrhoea, headaches, fatigue and low blood pressure Excess of nitrogen in blood stream |
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Metabolic syndrome |
Main cause of heart disease, strokes, and diabetes Symptoms: abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, elevated serum triglycerides, insulin resistance Lifestyle risk factors: energy dense diet, particularly foods with high GI and low activity levels |
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Curative intervention |
returning people who are ill to a state of good health |
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Palliative intervention |
Easing suffering in those who are ill (temporarily, chronically or terminally) |
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Preventative intervention |
Improving health to prevent illness in the first place |
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Epidemiology |
The study of distribution of health-related states or events (WHO) |
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Incidence |
Number of new cases arising in a population Expresses risks of becoming ill Main measure of acute disease/conditions |
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Prevalence |
frequency of existing cases in a population Estimates the probability of the population being ill at the time of study Useful in the study of the burden of disease |
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Health determinant |
One of potentially many underlying factors that influence health and disease states |
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Health indicator |
a variable that can be measured directly to reflect the state of health of people within a community |
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Risk factor |
An aspect of personal habit or environmental exposure that is associated with an increased probability of adverse health or disease state |
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Dr John Snow |
Cholera symptoms: vomiting, diarrhoea Often fatal Epidemic in soho, london 1854 His work suggesting all cases could be traced to a pump on Broad st. Later drew a map of the cases of cholera His work was highly influential in epidemiology |
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Criteria for causation (Bradford Hill) |
Strength of association - the stronger the relation between two variables, the better case of a causal relationship Consistency - supported by the majority of studies Specificity - close association between putative cause and effect Temporality Biological gradient Plausibility Coherence Analogy Experiment |
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Alloparenting |
care provided by non-parents (other relatives, non-relatives) |
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Lay sector |
Popular common sense non-professional informal non-expert |
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Folk sector |
alternative complementary traditional non-conventional |
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Professional sector |
scientific biomedical formal conventional expert |
