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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What tests serum lipids include? |
lipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides |
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How long to fast before serum lipid test |
12 hours |
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Normal lipid protein values |
HDL- less than 40 LDL- less than 130 |
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Normal Cholesterol level |
Less than 200 |
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Normal triglycerides value |
40-150 |
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What are the serum electrolytes related to cardiac |
Sodium, potassium, and calcium |
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What do these cardiac serum eletrolytes control? |
Myocarial cell depolarization and repolarization |
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What if these cardiac serum electrolytes are too high or too low? |
Irregular heart rhythms can develop |
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Normal serum potassium level |
3.5-5.5 |
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Normal serum sodium level |
135-145 |
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Normal serum calcium level |
8.5-10.5 |
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How do BUN and creatinine help reflect cardiovascular function? |
Elevated BUN and creatinine indicate renal function, which can be adversely effected if lack of blood flow to the kidneys. |
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What medication therapy requires potassium level monitoring? |
Diuretics |
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What electrolyte can cause digitalis toxicity if too low? |
Low potassium or hypokalemia |
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Normal BUN level |
10-20 |
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Normal serum creatinine level |
0.7-1.5 |
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Normal serum glucose level |
70-110 |
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What does PTT monitor for? |
Heparin therapy |
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What does PT monitor for? |
Coumadin therapy |
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What is INR? |
Standardized method of reporting PT for patients on Coumadin |
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What is normal INR level |
2.0-3.5 |
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What is the therapeutic level for digoxin? |
1-2. Over 3 is toxic |
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What does an ECG measure? |
Electrical forces of the heart |
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What are the 3 common ECG procedures? |
12-lead, Holger monitoring, and continual ECG monitoring |
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What is 12-lead ECG used for? |
To diagnose dysrhythmias, MI, and ischemia; it records electrical activity |
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What is holter monitoring used for? |
Continuous 24-48 hour heart monitoring during normal activity. Pts keeps a log of any symptoms experienced. |
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What is continual ECG monitoring used for? |
Pts at high risk for dysrhythmias |
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What is pharmacological stress testing? |
For pts who cant perform standard stress test; in an IV line or given med to mimic exercise. |
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How is chest xray used for cardiac diagnostic test? |
Determine size and position of the heart (anterior/posterior view and Left Lateral view taken) |
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What is an echocardiography? |
Ultrasound of the heart; examines cardiac function, ventricular motion, and valvular abnormalities |
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What us radionuclide imaging? |
Iv injection of radioisotope and isotope travels throughout circulation and evaluates cardiac perfusion and detects ischemia |
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What test is usually combined with radionuclide testing? |
Stress testing |
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What is a cardiac cath used for? |
To visualize coronary arteries; dye is injected to see vessels and detect any obstruction |
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What arterial sites can be used for a cardiac cath? |
Femoral and brachial |
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What is preop care for cardiac cath? |
*Fast 8-12 hours *Hx of allergy to shellfish, iodine, or contrast? *instruct about procedure and postop care *insert IV line *assess baseline peripheral pulses *administer sedatives |
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What postopcare for cardiac cath? |
*circulation of extremity *periph pulses, temp, and color of extremity q15 for first hr then q1-2 hrs. *observe cath insertion site *fluids enc *dysrhythmias or chest pain? *femoral site: bed rest for 3-4 hrs w/leg extended and hob no more then 40° brachial site: arm kept straight w/arm board may walk |
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What is an angiogram used for? |
To visualize arterial vascular system and diagnose vascular disorders like PVD. Contrast inj and xrays taken |
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What is a venogram used for? |
To visualize venous system, commonly for DVT. |
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What is hemodynamic monitoring used for? |
To measure and evaluate critically ill or hemodynic status; specifically CVP, intrarterial B/P, pulmonary artery/capillary wedge pressures, left ventricular function, and pulmonary capillary bed pressure. |
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What does CVP reflect? |
Pressure found in right atrium and ventricle |
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What does the CVP reading provide an assessment of? |
Fluid volume |
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What does a low CVP indicate? |
Low blood volume or hypovolemia |
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What does a high CVP indicate? |
Heart failure |
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What are the arterial inj sites for intrarterial B/P measurements? |
Axillary, radial, and brachial |
