Health: Chapter 8

Front 1

heavy episodic (binge) drinking

Back 1

drinking for the express purpose of becoming inotxicated; five drinks or more on a single occasion for men and four drinks or more for women

Front 2

ethyl alcohol (ethanol)

Back 2

an addictive drug produced by fermentation and found in many beverages

Front 3

fermentation

Back 3

the process whereby yeast organisms break down plant sugars to yield ethanol

Front 4

distillation

Back 4

the process whereby mash is subjected to high temperatures to release alcohol vapors, which are then condensed and mixed with water to make the final product

Front 5

proof

Back 5

a measure of the percentage of alcohol in a beverage

Front 6

blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

Back 6

the ratio of alcohol to total blood volume; the factor used to measure the physiological and behavioral effects of alochol

Front 7

learned behavioral tolerance

Back 7

the ability of heavy drinkers to modify behavior so that they appear to be sober even when they have high BAC levels

Front 8

dehydration

Back 8

loss of fluids from body tissues

Front 9

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 9

fluid within and surrounding the brain and spinal cord tissues

Front 10

hangover

Back 10

the physiological reaction to excessive drinking, including symptoms such as headache, upset stomach, anxiety, depression, diarrehea, and thirst.

Front 11

congeners

Back 11

forms of alcohol that are metabolized more slowly than ethanol and produce toxic by- products

Front 12

cirrhosis

Back 12

the last stage of liver disease associated with chronic heavy use of alochol, during which liver cells die and damage becomes permanent

Front 13

alcoholic hepatitis

Back 13

condition resulting from prolonged use of alcohol, in which the liver is inflamed; can be fatal

Front 14

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Back 14

a disorder that may affect the fetus when the mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy. Among its effects are mental retardation, small head, tremors, and abnormalities of the face, limbs, heart, and brain

Front 15

fetal alcohol effects (FAE)

Back 15

a syndrome describing children with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure but without all the physical or behavioral symptoms of FAS. Among its symptoms are low birth weight, irribility, and possible permanent mental impairment

Front 16

alcohol abuse

Back 16

ue of alcohol that interferes with work, school, or personal relationships or that entails violations of the law

Front 17

alcoholism (alcohol dependence)

Back 17

condition in which personal and health problems related to alcohol use are severe and stopping alochol use results in withdrawal symptoms

Front 18

intervention

Back 18

a planned confrontation with an alcoholic in which family members, friends, and professional counselors express their concern about the alcoholic's drinking problem

Front 19

alcoholics anonymous (AA)

Back 19

an organization whose goal is to help alcoholics stop drinking; includes auxiliary branches such as Al-Anon and Alateen

Front 20

delirium tremens (DTs)

Back 20

A severe state of confusion sometimes brought on by withdrawal from alcohol. Symptoms include hallucinations, anxiety, and trembling

Front 21

nicotine

Back 21

the primary stimulant chemical in tobacco products

Front 22

tar

Back 22

a think, brownish substance condensed from particulate matter in smoked tobacco

Front 23

carbon monoxide

Back 23

a gas found in tobacco smoke that binds at oxygen receptor sites in the blood

Front 24

bidis

Back 24

hand rolled flavored cigarettes

Front 25

chewing tobacco

Back 25

a stringy type of tobacco that is placed in the mouth and then sucked or chewed

Front 26

dipping

Back 26

placing a small amount of chewing tobacco between the front lip and teeth for rapid nicotine absorption

Front 27

snuff

Back 27

a powdered form of tobacco that is sniffed and absorbed through the mucous membranes in the nose of placed inside the cheek and sucked

Front 28

leukoplakia

Back 28

a condion characterized by leathery white patches inside the mouth; produced by contract with irritants in tobacco juice

Front 29

nicotine poisoning

Back 29

symptoms often experienced by beginning smokers, including dizziness, diarrhea, lightheadedness, rapid and erratic pulse, clammy skin, nausea, and vomiting

Front 30

platelet adhesiveness

Back 30

stickiness of red blood cells associated with blood clots

Front 31

emphysema

Back 31

a chronic lung disease in which the tiny air sacs in the lungs are destroyed, making breathing difficult

Front 32

environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)

Back 32

smoke from tobacco products, including secondhand and mainstream smoke

Front 33

mainstream smoke

Back 33

smoke that is drawn from tobacco while inhaling

Front 34

secondhand smoke (sidestream smoke)

Back 34

the cigarette, pipe, or cigar smoke breathed by nonsmokers

Front 35

niotine withdrawal

Back 35

symptoms, including nausea, headaches, irrability, and intense tobacco cravings, suffered by nicotinee-addicted individuals who cease using tobacco

Front 36

caffeine

Back 36

a stimulant found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and some soft drinks

Front 37

xanthines

Back 37

the chemical family of stimulants to which caffeine belongs

Front 38

caffeinism

Back 38

caffeine intoxication brought on by excessive caffeine use; symptoms include chronic insomnia, irritability, anxiety, muscle twitches, and headaches