Health: Chapter 7

Front 1

addiction

Back 1

continued involvement with a substance or activity despite ongoing negative consequences

Front 2

physiological dependence

Back 2

the adaptive state that occurs with regular addictive behavior and results in withdrawal symptoms

Front 3

withdrawal

Back 3

a series of temporary physical and biopsychosocial symptoms that occur when an addict abruptly abstains from an addictive chemical or behavior

Front 4

relapse

Back 4

the tendency to return to an addictive behavior after a period of abstinence

Front 5

tolerance

Back 5

phenomenon in which progressively larger doses of a drug or more intense involvement in a behavior are needed to produce the desired effects

Front 6

compulsion

Back 6

preoccupation with a behavior and an overwhelming need to perform it

Front 7

loss of control

Back 7

inability to predict reliability whether a particular instance of involvement with an addictive substance or behavior will be healthy or damaging

Front 8

negative consequences

Back 8

physical damage, legal trouble, financial ruin, academic failure, family dissolution, and other severe problems associated with addiction

Front 9

denial

Back 9

inability to percieve or accurately interpret the self-destructive effects of an addictive behavior

Front 10

compulsive (pathological) gambler

Back 10

a person addicted to gambling

Front 11

codependence

Back 11

a self-defeating relationship pattern in which a person is "addicted to the addict"

Front 12

enablers

Back 12

people who knowingly or unknowingly protect addicts from the natural consequences of their behavior

Front 13

receptor sites

Back 13

specialized locations on cell membranes to which drugs can attach themselves

Front 14

psychoactive drugs

Back 14

drugs that have the potential to alter mood or behavior

Front 15

prescription drugs

Back 15

medications that can be obtained only with the written prescription of a licensed physician

Front 16

over the counter (OTC) drugs

Back 16

medications that can be purchased without a physician's percription

Front 17

recreational drugs

Back 17

drugs that contain chemicals that help people relax or socialize; most, but not all, drugs in this category are legal

Front 18

herbal preparations

Back 18

substances of plan origin that are believed to have medicinal properties

Front 19

iliicit (illegal) drugs

Back 19

drugs whose use, possession, cultivation, manufacture, and/or sale are against the law because they generally are recognized as harmful

Front 20

commercial preparations

Back 20

commonly used chemical substances including cosmetics, household cleaning products, and industrial by products

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route of administration

Back 21

the manner in which a drug is taken into the body

Front 22

oral ingestion

Back 22

intake of drug through the mouth and onto the digestive tract

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inhalation

Back 23

the introduction of drugs through the nostrils or mouth and into the lung

Front 24

injection

Back 24

the introduction of drugs into the body via a hypodermic needle

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intravenous injection

Back 25

the introduction of drugs directly into a vein

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inunction

Back 26

the introduction of drugs by absorption through the skin

Front 27

suppositories

Back 27

mixtures of drugs and a waxy medium designed to melt at body temperature that are inserted into the anus or vagina

Front 28

drug misuse

Back 28

the use of a drug for a purpose for which it was not intended

Front 29

drug abuse

Back 29

excessive use of a drug

Front 30

antibiotics

Back 30

prescription drugs designed to fight bacterial infection

Front 31

central nervous system depressants

Back 31

sedative or hypnotic medications commonly used to treat anxiety

Front 32

benzodiazepines

Back 32

central nervous system depressants that relieve anxiety, relax the body, and induce sleep

Front 33

antidepressants

Back 33

prescription drugs used to treat clinically diagnosed depression

Front 34

generic drugs

Back 34

medications marketed by chemical name rather than brand name

Front 35

analgesics

Back 35

pain relievers

Front 36

prostaglandin inhibitors

Back 36

drugs that inhibit the production and release of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances often associated with arthritis or menstrual pain. also called non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Front 37

Generally Recognized as Sage (GRAS)

Back 37

A list of drugs generally recognized as safe, which seldom cause side effects when used properly

Front 38

Generally Recognized as Effective (GRAE)

Back 38

A list of drugs generally recognized as effective, which work for their intended purpose when used properly

Front 39

laxatives

Back 39

medications used to soften stool and relieve constipation

Front 40

diuretics

Back 40

drugs that increase the excretion of urine from the body

Front 41

polydrug use

Back 41

use of multiple medications or illicit drugs simultaneously

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synergism

Back 42

interaction of two or more drugs that produces more profound effects than would be expected if the drugs were taken separately. also known as potentiation

Front 43

antagonism

Back 43

a type of drug interaction in which two or more drugs work at the same receptor site, so that one blocks the action of the other

Front 44

inhibitation

Back 44

a type of drug interaction in which the effects of one drug are eliminated or reduced by the presence of another drug at the receptor site

Front 45

intolerance

Back 45

a type of drug interaction in which tow or more drugs produce extremely uncomfortable symptoms

Front 46

cross-tolerance

Back 46

development of a tolerance to one drug that reduces the effects of another, similar drug

Front 47

cocaine

Back 47

a powerful stimulant drug made from the leaves of the south american coca shrub

Front 48

freebase

Back 48

the most powerful distillate of cocaine

Front 49

crack

Back 49

a distillate of powdered cocaine that comes in small, hard "chips" or "rocks"; not the same as rock cocaine

Front 50

amphetamines

Back 50

a large and varied group of synthetic agents that stimulate the central nervous system

Front 51

Methamphetamine (meth)

Back 51

a powerfully addictive drug that strongly activates certain areas of the brain and affects the central nervous system

Front 52

ice

Back 52

a potent, inexpensive form of methamphetamine that has long-lasting effects

Front 53

marijuana

Back 53

chopped leaves and flowers of the cannabis indica or cannabis sativa plants (hemp); a psychoactive stimulant that intensifies reactions to environmental stimuli

Front 54

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Back 54

the chemical name for the active ingredient in marijuana

Front 55

hashish

Back 55

the sticky resin of the cannabis plan; it is high in THC

Front 56

Opiates

Back 56

Drugs that induce sleep and relieve pain; includes derivatives of opium and synthetics with similar chemical properties. Also called narcotics

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Opium

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the parent drug of the opiates; made from the seed pod resin of hte opium poppy

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morphine

Back 58

a derivative of opium; sometimes used by medical practitioners to relieve pain

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codeine

Back 59

a drug derived from morphine; used in cought syrups and certain painkillers

Front 60

heroin

Back 60

an illegally manufactured derivative of morphine, usually injected into the bloodstream

Front 61

black tar heroin

Back 61

a dark brown, sticky form of heroin

Front 62

endorphins

Back 62

opiate like hormones that are manufactured in the human body and contribute to natural feelings of well being

Front 63

methadone maintenance

Back 63

a treatment for people addicted to opiates that substitutes methadone, a synthetic narcatic, for the opiate of addiction

Front 64

hallucinogens

Back 64

substances capable of creating auditory or visual distortions and heightened states

Front 65

psychedelics

Back 65

drugs that distort the processing of sensory information in the brain

Front 66

reticular formation

Back 66

an area in the brainstem that is responsible for relaying messages from the senses to other areas in the brain

Front 67

synesthesia

Back 67

a drug created effect in which sensory messages are incorrectly assigned-for example, the user "hears" a taste or "smells" a sound

Front 68

lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Back 68

psychedelic drug causing sensory disruptions; also called "acid"

Front 69

mescaline

Back 69

a hallucinogenic drug derived from the peyote cactus

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peyote

Back 70

a cactus with small "buttons" that, when ingested, produce hallucinogenic effects

Front 71

psilocybin

Back 71

the active chemical found in psilocybe mushroom; it produces hallucinations

Front 72

phencyclidine (PCP)

Back 72

a hallucinogen, commonly called "angel dust," that causes halluciations, delusions, and delirium

Front 73

designer drugs (club drugs)

Back 73

synthetic analogs (drugs that produce similar effects) of existing illicit drugs

Front 74

ecstasy (MDMA)

Back 74

a club drug that creates feelings of openness and warmth but also raises heart rate and blood pressure

Front 75

rohypnol

Back 75

a powerful sedative, commonly known as the "date rape" drug for its ability cause semiconscousness and faciliate unwanted sexual encounters

Front 76

gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

Back 76

a central nervous system depressant alleged to have body building properties that has been used as a "date rape" drug

Front 77

ketamine (special K)

Back 77

an anesthetic used primariliy in veterinary settings that has gained popularity as a club drug with potentially dangerous hallucinogenic effects

Front 78

inhalants

Back 78

products that are sniffed or inhaled to produce highs

Front 79

amyl nitrite

Back 79

a drug that dilates blood vessles and is properly used to relieve chest pain

Front 80

nitrous oxide

Back 80

the chemical name for "lauging gas," a substance properly used for surgical or dental anesthesia

Front 81

anabolic steroids

Back 81

artificial forms of the hormone testosterone that promote muscle growth and strenght

Front 82

ergogenic drugs

Back 82

substances believed to enhance athletic performance