Health Chapter 18

Front 1

Plumonary Circulation

Back 1

Pumping of oxygen poor blood to the lungs and oxygen rich blood back to the heart by the right side of the heart

Front 2

Systemic Circulation

Back 2

Pumping of oxygen rich blood to the body and oxygen poor blood back to the heart by the left side of the heart

Front 3

Vena Cava

Back 3

Largest veins in the body; they carry oxygen poor blood from the body back to the heart

Front 4

Sinus Node (or) Sinoatrial Node

Back 4

Group of cells in the right atrium where the electrical signal is generated that established the heartbeat

Front 5

Atherosclerosis

Back 5

Thickening or hardening of the arteries due to the buildup of lipid deposits

Front 6

Fatty Streak

Back 6

Accumulation of lipoproteins within the walls of an artery

Front 7

Lipoprotein

Back 7

Package of proteins, phospholipids and cholesterol that transport lipids in the blood

Front 8

Cholesterol

Back 8

type of fat that is essential in small amounts for certain body functions

Front 9

Plaque

Back 9

Accumulation of debris in an artery wall, consisting of lipoprotiens, white blood cells, collagen and other substances

Front 10

Aneurysm

Back 10

Weak or stretched spot in an artery wall that can tear or rupture causing a sudden death

Front 11

Coronary Heart Disease

Back 11

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries

Front 12

Ischemia

Back 12

Insifficient supply of oxygen and nutrients to tissue, caused by narrowed or blocked arteries

Front 13

Myocardial Infarction

Back 13

Lack of blood to the heart muscle with resulting death of heat tissue; also known as a heart attack

Front 14

Coronary Thrombosis

Back 14

Blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot that may cause sudden death

Front 15

Angina

Back 15

Intermittent pain, pressure, heaviness or tightness in the center of the chest caused by a narrowed coronary artery

Front 16

Arrhythmia

Back 16

Irregular or disorganized heartbeats

Front 17

Ventricular Fibrillation

Back 17

Type of arrhythmia in which the ventricles contract rapidly and erratically, causing the heart to quiver or "tremor" rather than beat

Front 18

Sudden Cardiac Death

Back 18

Abrupt loss of heart function caused by an irregular or ineffective heartbeat

Front 19

Stroke or Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Back 19

Lack of blood flow to the brain with resulting death of brain tissue

Front 20

Ischemic Stroke

Back 20

Strokes caused by blockage in a blood vessel in the brain

Front 21

Thrombus

Back 21

Blood clot that forms in a narrowed or damaged artery

Front 22

Embolism

Back 22

Blood clot that travels from somewhere else in the body

Front 23

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Back 23

Strokes caused by rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, withe bleeding into brain tissue

Front 24

Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA)

Back 24

Periods of ischemic that temporarily produce the same symptoms as a stroke

Front 25

Blood Pressure

Back 25

Force exerted by the blood against artery walls

Front 26

Hypertension

Back 26

Blood pressure that is forceful enough to damage artery walls

Front 27

Systolic Pressure

Back 27

Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts, represented by the upper number in a blood pressure measurement

Front 28

Diastolic Pressure

Back 28

Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes between contractions, represented by the lower number in a blood pressure measurement

Front 29

Congestive Heart Failure

Back 29

Condition in which the heart is not pumping blood as well as it should, allowing blood and fluids to back up in the lungs

Front 30

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Back 30

Heart valve disorder in which the mirtal valve, which separates the left ventricle from the left atrium, does not close fully, allowing blood to leak backward into the atrium

Front 31

Rheumatic Fever

Back 31

Acute disease that can occur as a complication of an untreated strep throat infection

Front 32

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Back 32

Disease in which the heart is scarred following strep throat infection and rheumatic fever

Front 33

Septal Defect

Back 33

Congenital heart defect in which an extra hole allows blood to flow from one atrium to the other or from one ventricle to the other

Front 34

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

Back 34

Atherosclerosis in the blood vessels of the arms or legs

Front 35

Cardiomyopathy

Back 35

Disease of the heart muscle

Front 36

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Back 36

Abnormal thickening of one part of the heart, frequently the left ventricle

Front 37

Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs)

Back 37

"Bad" cholesterol; lipoproteins that accumulate in plaque and contribute to atherosclerosis

Front 38

High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)

Back 38

"Good" cholesterol; lipoproteins that help clear cholesterol from cells and atherosclerotic deposits and transport it back to the liver for recycling

Front 39

Diabetes

Back 39

Metabolic disorder in which the production or use of insulin is disrupted, so that body cells cannot take up glucose and use it for energy, and high levels of glucose circulate in the blood

Front 40

Triglycerides

Back 40

Blood fats similar to cholesterol --Another form of fat that exists in the body

Front 41

Lipoprotein (a)

Back 41

Subgroup of LDL cholesterol that is thought to increase blood clotting

Front 42

Homocysteine

Back 42

Amino acid that circulates in the blood and may damage the lining of blood vessels

Front 43

Metabolic Syndrome

Back 43

Condition characterized by a combination of obesity, especially central obesity; elevated blood pressure; dyslipidemia (high tryglycerides and low HDL cholesterol); and glucose intolerance, a pre-diabetes condition

Front 44

C-Reactive Protein

Back 44

Blood marker fr inflammation that may indicate an increased risk for coronary heart disease

Front 45

Electrocardiogram

Back 45

Record of the heart's electrical activity as it beats

Front 46

Echocardiogram

Back 46

Diagnostic test for a heart attack in which sound waves are used to visualize heart valves, heart wall movement, and overall heart function

Front 47

Exercise Stress Test

Back 47

Produce that evaluates how well the heart functions with exercise

Front 48

Coronary Angiogram

Back 48

Diagnostic test for a heart attack in which a dye is injected into a fine catheter that is passed into the heart and X-Rays are taken as the dye moves through the heart, showing any blocked or narrowed coronary arteries

Front 49

Angioplasty

Back 49

Procedure to reopen a blocked coronary artery, in which a balloon catheter (a thin plastic tube) is threaded into the narrowed area and inflated to stretch the vessel open again

Front 50

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Back 50

Surgical procedure in which a healthy blood vessel is taken from another part of the body grafted to the coronary arteries to allow a bypass of blood flow around a narrowed vessel