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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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noncommunicable disease
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disease that is not transmitted by people, vectors, or environment
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cardiovascular disease
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disease that affects the heart and blood vessels
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Blood pressure varies with...
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age, gender, height, weight, etc.
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hypertension
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high blood pressure
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What happens if hypertension continues for a long time?
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heart, blood vessels, body organs damaged
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Hypertension is a major risk factor for...
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CVDs
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why is important to get blood pressure checked regularly?
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CVD often has no symptoms in early stages
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How can hbp be lowered?
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weight loss, exercise, nutrition, medication
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At birth, the lining of the blood vessels is...and...but factors like...can damage arteries.
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smooth, elastic, tobacco, cholesterol, hypertension
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atherosclerosis
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process by which plaques accumulate on artery walls
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Build up of plaques is usually because of...
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high saturated fat and chol in food
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What happens when a blood clot forms in the area of plaque>
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clot grows and blocks artery, can lead to heart attack or stroke
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Your heart needs...to function.
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oxygen
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angina pectoris
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chest pain when heart doesn't get enough oxygen
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Atherosclerosis causes...
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angina pectoris, heart attack, congestive heart failure
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arrhythmias
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irregular heartbeats, common, usually no probs
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ventricular fibrillation
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type of arrhythmia where electric impulses in heart become rapid/irregular
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Ventricular fibrillation can cause...
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cardiac arrest
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A heart attack is...
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damage to the heart b/c of blocked blood supply
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A heart attack is usually followed by...
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ventricular fibrillation
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Many heart attacks are mistaken for...
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indigestion
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congestive heart failure
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gradual weakening of heart until it can't pump
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strokes happen when...
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arterial blockage blocks flow of blood to brain or cerebral hemorrhage happens (blood vessel in brain bursts)
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Even though symptoms of CVD don't show up till...., the disease starts to develop in...
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adulthood, childhood
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7 risk factors of CVDs that you can control
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high blood pressure, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, tobacco smoke, drugs and alc, stress, excess weight
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3 risk factors of CVDs that you can't control
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heredity, gender (males more likely to get it, old females less likely to survive), age
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cancer
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uncontrollable growth of normal cells
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tumor
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abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body
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benign vs. malignant tumor
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noncancerous, cancerous
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benign tumors have a ....that...
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membrane, prevents it from spreading away
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benign tumors can still harm you if...
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they enterfere with normal body func
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Malignant tumors spread to...
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different part of the body thru blood or lymph
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metastasis
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spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body
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Many tumors can kill normal cells when...or harm the body by...
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they compete for nutrients or put pressure on surrounding organs/tissues, block arteries, veins, etc.
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cancers classified by the tissues they affect
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lymphomas: immune sys cancers, leukemias: organs that make blood, carcinomas: glands and body linings, sarcomas: connective tissue
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Abnormal cells that have the potential to become cancerous are...
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destroyed by immune sys
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Cancer develops if...
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abnormal cells aren't destroyed by the immune sys b/c it's weak or the number is overwhelming
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Cancers can occur b/c of..., ..., ...
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genetics, cells change on their own, exposure to factors
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the major cause of cancer deaths in US and most preventable
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tobacco use
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8 types of cancer organize by the grp of organs where they develop
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skin, cervix, testes, prostate, breast, lung, colon/rectum, mouth
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Name 4 risk factors of cancer
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tobbaco use, radiation, STDs, dietary factors
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A diet that is high in...and low in... is linked to cancer. Why is fiber good for reducing cancer risk?
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fat, fiber, b/c it helps waste move thru faster, giving cells less time to absorb carcinogens
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How do fats contr to cancer risk?
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make colon cells more susceptible to carcinogens , also colon cells divide faster with fat so higher chance of becoming abnormal
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What is CAUTION and what does it stand for?
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signs of cancer, change in bowel, a sore that doesn't heal, unusual bleeding/discharge, thickening/lump, indigestion, obvious change in wart or mole, nagging cough/hoarse
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healthful beh to practice to prevent cancer
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abstinence from sex, physically active, healthy diet/nutrition, maintain healthy weight, protect skin, avoid tob/alc, recognize warning signs
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Ways to detect cancer
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self examination, medical screening for early signs, biopsy
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biopsy
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removal of small piece of tisue for examination
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5 methods of cancer treatment
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chemo, radiation, immunotherapy, hormone ther, surgery
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radiation therapy
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aim rays from radioactive substances at cancerous cells (kill and shrink)
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chemotherapy
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use chemicals to kill cancer cells
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immunotherapy
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activate immune sys to recognize cancers and kill them
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hormone therapy
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use medicine that interfere with hormone prod. and kill cancer
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remission
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period of time where symptoms disappear
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Noncommunicable diseases other than cancer and CVD are...
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chronic
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name some chronic diseases
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allergies, asthma, diabetes, arthritis
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allergy
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specific reaction of the immune sys to a foreign and frequently harmless substnace
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___ on the surface of allergens bind to ...and release...
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Antigens, immune cells in linings of nasal passages, histamines
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histamines
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chemicals that can stimulate mucus and fluid production in an area
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If someone experiences severe symptoms of allergies, like..., do what?
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dizzy, raspy voice, hard to breathe/swallow, hives, itching or swelling, get medical attention
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3 ways to identify source of allergic reaction
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blood test, skin test, food elimination diet
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ways to treat allergies
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avoid allergen, medication like antihistamines, medical attention, immunotherapy
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Allergies can lead to...
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asthma
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asthma
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inflammatory condition where the small airways in lungs get narrowed, causing diff in breathing
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The bronchial tubes of people with asthma are...
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sensitive to triggers, certain substances like air pollution, tobacco smoke, etc
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What happens in an asthma attack?
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trigger make bronchial walls tighten and make extra mucus, which narrows the passages
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4 strategies ppl with asthma use to live normal lives
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monitor condition (warning signs, treat quickly), manage envir (avoid tob, etc), manage stress, take medication
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asthma medication
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bronchodilator (med taken with inhaler) that relaxes and widens resp passages
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diabetes
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chronic disease that affects the way the body's cells convert food into energy
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In someone with diabetes, the pancreas....or the cells...
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produces too little or no insulin, a hormone that helps glucose enter cells; cells don't respond normally to insulin, glucose isn't converted and builds up in blood
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how do you diagnose diabetes?
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blood test
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Diabetes can cause...
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blindness, limb amputations, heart dis, stroke, kidney failure
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Most diabetics have type...diabetes
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2
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Type 1 diab is when...
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body doesn't produce insulin, so it stays in blood and starves cells of energy
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possible cause of type 1 diab
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not sure yet, virus stimulates immune response, destroy insulin-making cells in pancreas
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autoimmune disease
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condition where immune sys mistakenly attacks itself, targeting cells, tissues, organs of own body
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In type 1 diab, high....can cause damage to body.
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blood sugar level
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In type 2 diab, what happens?
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body can't make enough insulin or use it properly
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Why is Type 2 diabetes nearing epidemic proportions in US?
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more old ppl, obese ppl, inactivity, high fat, chol, cal diet
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arthritis
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group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain and loss of movt in joints
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Osteoarthritis
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disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down
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In osteoarthritis, the...of cartilage can cause...
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rubbing away, aches, soreness
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3 strategies to protect against osteoarthritis
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control weight, prevent sports injuries by warm up, safety to avoid joint injuries, protect against Lyme dis which can lead to ost.
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Rheumatoid arthritis is more common in...
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women
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rheumatoid arthritis
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disease caused by debilitating destruction of joints due to inflammation
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Effects of Rheumatoid Arthritis include...
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joint pain, inflammation, swelling until joints become deformed, fever, fatigue
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Why is early diagnosis of Rheum. crucial?
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effects can be controlled
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treatment for rheum. arth.
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exervise, rest, joint protection, therapy
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disability
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any physical or mental impairment that limits normal activities, like seeing, hearing, walking, speaking
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Most physical challenges (of disabilities) can be classified as...
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sight impairment, hearing impairment, motor im
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4 common causes of blindness
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diabetes, macular degeneration (retina degenerates), glaucoma (optic nerve damage), cataracts
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profound deafness
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hearing loss so severe that the person can't benefit from mechanical amplification like hearing aid
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causes of deafness
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heredity, injury, disease, obstruction b/c of buildup
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Motor impairments happen when...
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body's range of motion and coordination are affected by injury to brain or disorder of ner sys
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_______ is often used to help motor impairments.
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phys ther
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mental retardation
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below ave intellectual ability present from birth/early child, associated with difficulties in learning and social adaptation
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factors that cause mental retardation
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genetic disorders like Down syndrome, fetal alc syndrome, brain abnormality, injury, rubella infection
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Principles established by ppl with disablities
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society should make changes that allow ppl with disabilities to take part better in activities, ppl should be evaluated on individual merit, not assumptions, ppl should have same oppot as regular
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The Americans with Disabilities Act (passed in...) was...
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1990, law prohibit discrimination against ppl with phys/mental dis in work, transportation, public accomodations, telecommunications
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