Health Ch 17

Front 1

Invasion of the body by a microorganism

Back 1

infection

Front 2

An organism that causes disease.

Back 2

pathogen

Front 3

A poisonous substance produced by a microorganism.

Back 3

toxin

Front 4

An insect, rodent, or other organism that carries and transmits a pathogen from one host to another.

Back 4

vector

Front 5

A system of vessels and organs that picks up excess fluid, proteins, lipids, and other substances from the tissues; filters out pathogens and other waste products; and returns the cleansed fluid to the general circulation.

Back 5

lymphatic system

Front 6

An infection spread by the blood or lymphatic system to large portions of the body.

Back 6

infection

Front 7

A type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign organisms and infected, damaged, or aged cells; particularly prevalent during the inflammatory response.

Back 7

neutrophil

Front 8

A large phagocytic (cell-eating) cell that devours foreign particles.

Back 8

macrophage

Front 9

A type of white blood cell that directly destroys virus-infected cells and cancer cells.

Back 9

natural killer cell

Front 10

A white blood cell specialized to activate T and B cells.

Back 10

dendritic cell

Front 11

A white blood cell continuously made in lymphoid tissue as well as in bone marrow

Back 11

lymphocyte .

Front 12

A lymphocyte that arises in bone marrow and matures in the thymus (thus its name).

Back 12

T cell

Front 13

A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and produces antibodies.

Back 13

B cell

Front 14

A lymphocyte that helps activate other T cells and may help B cells produce antibodies

Back 14

helper T cell

Front 15

A lymphocyte that kills body cells that have been invaded by foreign organisms; also can kill cells that have turned cancerous.

Back 15

killer T cell

Front 16

a lymphocyte that inhibits the growth of other lymphocytes

Back 16

suppressor T cell A lymphocyte that inhibits the growth of other lymphocytes.

Front 17

a specialized protein, produced by white blood cells, that can recognize and neutralize specific microbes

Back 17

antibody A specialized protein, produced by white blood cells, that can recognize and neutralize specific microbes.

Front 18

Lymphocytes generated during an initial infection that circulate in the body for years, "remembering" the specific antigens that caused the infection and quickly destroying them if they appear again.

Back 18

memory T and B cells

Front 19

A disease in which the immune system attacks the person's own body.

Back 19

autoimmune disease

Front 20

antigen

Back 20

A marker on the surface of a foreign substance that immune system cells recognize as nonself and that triggers the immune response.

Front 21

A chemical responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in allergic reactions.

Back 21

histamine

Front 22

A chemical messenger produced by a variety of cell types that helps regulate many cell functions; immune system cells release cytokines that help amplify and coordinate the immune response.

Back 22

cytokine

Front 23

Mechanisms that defend the body against infection; specific defenses against specific pathogens

Back 23

immunity

Front 24

The body's ability to mobilize the cellular "memory" of an attack by a pathogen to throw off subsequent attacks; acquired through vaccination as well as the normal immune response.

Back 24

acquired immunity

Front 25

The period when bacteria or viruses are actively multiplying inside the body's cells; usually a period without symptoms of illness.

Back 25

incubation

Front 26

The stage of an infection, after incubation, during which initial symptoms begin to appear but the host does not feel ill; a highly contagious period

Back 26

prodromal period

Front 27

A preparation of killed or weakened microorganisms, inactivated toxins, or components of microorganisms that is administered to stimulate an immune response; a vaccine protects against future infection by the pathogen.

Back 27

vaccine

Front 28

A disorder caused by the body's exaggerated response to foreign chemicals and proteins; also called hypersensitivity.

Back 28

allergy

Front 29

A substance that triggers an allergic reaction

Back 29

allergen .

Front 30

A severe systemic hypersensitive reaction to an allergen characterized by difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, heart arrhythmia, seizure, and sometimes death.

Back 30

anaphylaxis