Health Ch 15

Front 1

The collective term for various forms of diseases of the heart and blood vessels is

Back 1

Cardiovascular disease

Front 2

The part of the circulatory system governed by the right side of the heart pumping blood to and from the lungs is called

Back 2

pulmonary

Front 3

arteries that branch from the aorta and provide blood to the heart muscle itself are

Back 3

coronary

Front 4

type of blood fat that transports cholesterol from the liver to organs and tissues where it can block blood flow to the heart and brain is called

Back 4

low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Front 5

A form of cardiovascular disease in which the inner layers of artery walls become thick and irregular by plaque deposits is called

Back 5

atherosclerosis

Front 6

A change in the normal pattern of the heart beat is called

Back 6

arrhythmia

Front 7

The condition in which the heart muscle does not receive enough blood, causing severe pain in the chest and often in the left arm and shoulder is called

Back 7

angina pectoris

Front 8

A cerebral vascular accident is another name for a

Back 8

stroke

Front 9

What is the name of the condition when the heart's pumping action becomes less efficient and fluid collects in the lungs or in other parts of the body?

Back 9

congestive heart failure

Front 10

The part of the circulatory system governed by the left side of the heart; the circulation of blood between the heart and the rest of the body

Back 10

systemic circulation

Front 11

The two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the ventricles; also called auricles.

Back 11

atria

Front 12

The large vein through which blood is returned to the right atrium of the heart.

Back 12

vena cava

Front 13

The two lower chambers of the heart from which blood flows through arteries to the lungs and other parts of the body.

Back 13

ventricles

Front 14

The large artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to the body.

Back 14

aorta

Front 15

Contraction of the heart

Back 15

systole

Front 16

Relaxation of the heart.

Back 16

diastole

Front 17

Vessels that carry blood to the heart

Back 17

veins

Front 18

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Back 18

arteries

Front 19

A system of arteries branching from the aorta that provides blood to the heart muscle.

Back 19

coronary arteries

Front 20

Very small blood vessels that distribute blood to all parts of the body.

Back 20

capillaries

Front 21

Microscopic disk-shaped cell fragments in the blood that disintegrate on contact with foreign objects and release chemicals that are necessary for the formation of blood clots.

Back 21

platelets

Front 22

Sustained abnormally high blood pressure.

Back 22

hypertension

Front 23

A form of CVD in which the inner layers of artery walls are made thick and irregular by plaque deposits, arteries become narrow, and blood supply is reduced.

Back 23

atherosclerosis

Front 24

Blood fat that transports cholesterol from the liver to organs and tissues; excess is deposited on artery walls, where it can eventually block the flow of blood to the heart and brain; "bad" cholesterol.

Back 24

low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

Front 25

Blood fat that helps transport cholesterol out of the arteries and thus protects against heart diseases; "good" cholesterol.

Back 25

high-density lipoproteins (HDL)

Front 26

A measure of how the ingestion of a particular food affects blood glucose levels.

Back 26

glycemic index

Front 27

A deposit of fatty (and other) substances on the inner wall of the arteries.

Back 27

plaque

Front 28

Heart disease caused by atherosclerosis in the arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscle; also called coronary artery disease.

Back 28

coronary heart disease (CHD)

Front 29

Damage to, or death of, heart muscle, sometimes resulting in a failure of the heart to deliver enough blood to the body; also known as myocardial infarction (MI).

Back 29

heart attack

Front 30

A clot in a coronary artery, often causing sudden death.

Back 30

coronary thrombosis

Front 31

A condition in which the heart muscle does not receive enough blood, causing severe pain in the chest and often in the left arm and shoulder.

Back 31

angina pectoris

Front 32

A change in the normal pattern of the heartbeat.

Back 32

arrhythmia

Front 33

A nontraumatic, unexpected death from sudden cardiac arrest, most often due to arrhythmia; in most instances, victims have underlying heart disease.

Back 33

sudden cardiac death

Front 34

A technique involving mouth-to-mouth breathing and chest compression to keep oxygen flowing to the brain.

Back 34

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Front 35

A test to detect abnormalities by measuring the electrical activity in the heart.

Back 35

electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

Front 36

A computerized imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio frequency signals to examine a thin cross section of the body; also known as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR).

Back 36

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Front 37

A picture of the arterial system taken after injection of a dye that is opaque to x-rays; also called arteriogram.

Back 37

angiogram

Front 38

A technique in which a catheter with a balloon on the tip is inserted into an artery; the balloon is then inflated at the point of obstruction in the artery, pressing the plaque against the artery wall to improve blood supply; also known as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).

Back 38

balloon angioplasty

Front 39

Surgery in which a vein is grafted from a point above to a point below an obstruction in a coronary artery, improving the blood supply to the heart.

Back 39

coronary bypass surgery

Front 40

An impeded blood supply to some part of the brain resulting in the destruction of brain cells; also called cerebrovascular accident.

Back 40

stroke

Front 41

Impeded blood supply to the brain caused by the obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot.

Back 41

ischemic stroke

Front 42

Impeded blood supply to the brain caused by the rupture of a blood vessel.

Back 42

hemorrhagic stroke

Front 43

A blood clot in a blood vessel that usually occurs at the point of its formation.

Back 43

thrombus

Front 44

A blood clot that breaks off from its place of origin in a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream.

Back 44

embolus

Front 45

A sac formed by a distention or dilation of the artery wall.

Back 45

aneurysm

Front 46

A small stroke; usually a temporary interruption of blood supply to the brain, causing numbness or difficulty with speech.

Back 46

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Front 47

The use of computerized X-ray images to create a cross-sectional depiction (scan) of tissue density.

Back 47

computed tomography (CT)

Front 48

The accumulation of fluid in the lungs.

Back 48

pulmonary edema

Front 49

A condition resulting from the heart's inability to pump out all the blood that returns to it; blood backs up in the veins leading to the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in various parts of the body.

Back 49

congestive heart failure

Front 50

A defect or malformation of the heart or its major blood vessels, present at birth.

Back 50

congenital heart disease

Front 51

An inherited condition in which there is an enlargement of the heart muscle, especially between the two ventricles.

Back 51

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Front 52

A disease, mainly of children, characterized by fever, inflammation, and pain in the joints; often damages the heart muscle, a condition called rheumatic heart disease.

Back 52

rheumatic fever

Front 53

A condition in which the mitral valve "billows" out during ventricular contraction, possibly allowing leakage of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium; often asymptomatic and usually requiring treatment only in cases of significant leakage.

Back 53

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Front 54

A collection of specialized cells in the right atrium that serves as the pacemaker of the heart.

Back 54

sinus node

Front 55

Cells lining the inside of arteries; these help regulate blood flow and prevent platelets from sticking.

Back 55

endothelial cells

Front 56

A group of chemically similar hormones and neurotransmitters that are active during the fight-or-flight response; includes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Back 56

catecholamines

Front 57

Atherosclerosis in arteries in the legs (or less commonly, arms) that can impede blood flow and lead to pain, infection, and loss of the affected limb.

Back 57

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Front 58

Abnormal enlargement of an organ secondary to an increase in cell size.

Back 58

hypertrophy