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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cranial nerve I
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olfactory
smell |
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cranial nerve II
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optic
vision |
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cranial nerve III
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oculomotor
motor-most EOM movement, raise eyelids parasympathetic-pupil constriction, lens shape |
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cranial nerve IV
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trochlear
down and inward movement of eye |
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cranial nerve V
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trigeminal
motor-muscles of mastication sensory-sensation of face and scalp, cornea, mucous membranes of mouth and nose |
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cranial nerve VI
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abducens
lateral movement of eye |
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cranial nerve VII
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facial
motor-facial muscles, close eye, labial speech sensory-taste (sweet, salty, sour, bitter) on anterior 2/3 of tongue |
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cranial nerve VIII
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acoustic
hearing and equillibrium |
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cranial nerve IX
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glossopharyngeal
motor-pharynx (phonation and swallowing) sensory-taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx (gag reflex) parasympathetic-parotid gland, carotid reflex |
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cranial nerve X
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vagus
motor-pharynx and larynx (talking and swallowing) sensory-general sensation from carotid body, carotid sinus, pharynx, viscera parasympathetic-carotid reflex |
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cranial nerve XI
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spinal
movement of trapezius and sternomastoid muscles |
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cranial nerve XII
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hypoglossal
movement of tongue |
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epidermis layers
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stratum germinativum
(basal cell layer) stratum corneum |
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inner layer with major ingredient of protein keratin
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stratum germinativum
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outer horny layer consists of dead keratinized cells that are interwoven and closely packed
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stratum corneum
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inner supportive layer consisting mostly of connective tissue or collagen
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dermis
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adipose tissue which is made up of lobules of fat cells
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subcutaneous layer
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ABCDE = A
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asymmetry of a pigmented lesion (one that is not regularly round or oval)
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ABCDE = B
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border irregularity (notching, scalloping, ragged edges or poorly defined margins)
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ABCDE = C
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color variation (areas of brown, tan, black, blue, red, white or combination)
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ABCDE = D
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diameter greater than 6 mm (size of a pencil eraser)
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ABCDE = E
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elevation and enlargement
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when the red-pink tones from the oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood are lost, the skin takes on the color of connective tissue (collagen), which is mostly white
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pallor
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intense redness of skin due to excess blood (hyperemia) in the dilated superficial capillaries
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erythema
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bluish mottled color that signifies decreased perfusion; tissues are not adequately perfused with oxygenated blood
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cyanosis
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exhibited by a yellow color, indicating rising amounts of bilirubin in blood
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jaundice
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skin's ability to return to place promptly when released
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turgor
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normal nail angle
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160 degrees or less between nail base and nail
may have slight curve |
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normal nail color
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linear pigmentation (dark-skinned people)
leukonychia striata-white hairline linear markings from trauma or picking at cuticle |
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normal capillary refill
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< 2 seconds
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circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery; tinea corporis or ringworm, tinea versicolor, pityriasis rosea
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annular
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lesions run together; urticaria (hives)
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confluent
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distinct, individual lesions that remain separate; molluscum
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discrete
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clusters of lesions; vesicles of contact dermatitis
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grouped
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twisted, coiled spiral, snakelike
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gyrate
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iris, resembles iris of eye, concentric rings of color in lesions; erythema multiforme
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target
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scratch, streak, line or stripe
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linear
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annular lesions grow together; lichen planus, psoriasis
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polycyclic
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linear arrangement along a nerve route; herpes zoster
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zosteriform
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solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm; freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever
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macule
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something you can feel; solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm diameter, due to superficial thickening in epidermis; elevated nevus (mole), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca)
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papule
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solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. may extend deeper into dermis than papule; xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi
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nodule
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superficial, raised, transient and erythematous; slightly irregular shape due to edema (fluid held diffusely in tissues); mosquito bite, allergic reaction, dermographism
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wheal
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wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic
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urticaria (hives)
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elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm. clear serum flows if wall is ruptured; herpes simplex, early varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis
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vesicle
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turbid fluid (pus) in cavity. circumscribed and elevated; impetigo, acne
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pustule
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deeper depression extending into dermis, irregular shape; may bleed; leaves scar when heals; stasis ulcer, pressure sore, chancre
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ulcer
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tiny punctate hemorrhages, less than 2 mm, round and discrete, dark red, purple or brown in color. due to bleeding from superficial capillaries; will not blanch
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petechiae
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nodes in front of ear
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preauricular
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nodes superficial to mastoid process
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posterior auricular
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nodes at base of skull
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occipital
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nodes midline, behind tip of mandible
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submental
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nodes halfway between angle and tip of mandible
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submandibular
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nodes under angle of mandible
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jugulodigastric
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nodes overlying sternomastoid muscle
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superficial cervical
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nodes deep under sternomastoid muscle
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deep cervical
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nodes in posterior triangle along edge of trapeqius muscle
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posterior cervical
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nodes just above and behind clavicle, at sternomastoid muscle
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supraclavicular
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normal pulsations in neck
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none when sitting
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normal palpation of salivary glands
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not palpable
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normal tyroid gland palpation
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difficult to palpate except in children
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normal newborn head circumference
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32 to 38 cm (average 34 cm)
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edematous swelling and ecchymosis of presenting part of head due to birth trauma. extends across suture lines.
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caput succedaneum
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subperiosteal hemorrhage, which is also result of birth trauma. soft, fluctuant and well defined over one cranial bone because periosteum (covering over bone) holds bleeding in place.
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cephalhematoma
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tough, protective, white covering of eye
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sclera
|
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very sensitive to touch; contact with wisp of cotton stimulates blink in both eyes
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cornea
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round and regular. size is determined by balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic chains of autonomic nervous system.
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pupul
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normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on retina
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pupillary light reflex
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reflex direction of eye toward an object attracting a person's attention
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fixation
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adaptation test of eye for near vision
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accommodation test
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gross measure of peripheral vision. compares person's peripheral vision with your own (assuming yours is normal)
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confrontation test
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normal results for confrontation test
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50 degrees = superiorly
60 degrees = nasally 70 degrees = inferiorly 90 degrees = temporally |
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palpebral fissures in eyes are horizontal except in ____
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Asians which have upward slant
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normal eyeballs in blacks
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slight protrusion of eyeball beyond supraorbital ridge
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normal sclera color in blacks
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gray-blue or muddy color;
small brown macules (like freckles) on sclera; yellowish fatty deposits beneath lids away from cornea |
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normal resting size pupil
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3 to 5 mm; 5% of people have anisocoria (different sized pupils)
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eye test where room is darken and person is asked to gaze into distance which dilates pupils. a light is advanced in from outer to inner side of eye and response is noted.
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pupillary light reflex
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normal results for pupillary light reflex
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constriction of same-sided pupil (direct light reflex) and simultaneous constriction of other pupil (consensual light reflex)
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eye test where person focuses on a distant object and then on a near object
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accommodation
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normal results for accommodation test
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focus on objects
distant = dialated pupils (convergence of axes of eyes) close = constricted pupils |
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PERRLA
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pupils equal, round, react to light and accommodation
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cul-de-sac canal 2.5 to 3 cm long in adult and terminates at eardrum (tympanic membrane)
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external auditory canal
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separates external and middle ear and is tilited obliquely to ear canal
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tympanic membrane or eardrum
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connects middle ear with nasopharynx and allows passage of air. tube is normally closed, but opens with swallowing or yawning.
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eustachian tube
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snail-shaped and contains central hearing apparatus
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cochlea
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sensory organ of hearing which has numerous fibers along basilar membrane
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organ of Corti
|
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caused when labyrinth becomes inflamed and wrong info is fed to brain; symptoms of staggering gait and strong, spinning, whirling sensation
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vertigo
|
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normal skin condition of external ear
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Darwin's tubercle - small painless nodule at helix
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normal cerumen
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gray-yellow to light brown and black; texture varies from moist and waxy to dry and desicicated (dry up)
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normal eardrum
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shiny and translucent with pearl-gray color; cone-shape light reflex
five o'clock = right drum seven o'clock = left drum |
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normal degrees for alignment of child's external ear
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10 degrees
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normal results for transillumination test of sinuses
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diffuse red glow
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sinuses in chidren are too small to palpate until what age?
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> 8 years old
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