Health Assessment Test #1

Front 1

a mild weakness (in the eye) noted only when fusion is blocked

Back 1

phoria

Front 2

a constant malalignment of the eyes

Back 2

trophia

Front 3

unequal pupil size. Exists normally in 5% of population, consider CNS disease

Back 3

Anisocoria

Front 4

Constricted and fixed pupils. Occurs with the use of Narcotics and with brain damage to the pons

Back 4

Miosis

Front 5

Dilated and fixed pupils. CNS injury

Back 5

mydriasis

Front 6

the decrease in power of accommodation with aging

Back 6

prsbyopia

Front 7

squint or cross eye

Back 7

strabismus

Front 8

nearsighted

Back 8

myopia

Front 9

farsighted

Back 9

hyperopia

Front 10

a blind spot in the visual field surrounded by an area of normal or decreased vision, occurs with glaucoma, with optic nerve and visual pathway disorders

Back 10

scotoma

Front 11

inability to tolerate light

Back 11

photophobia

Front 12

the perception of 2 images of a single object

Back 12

diplopia

Front 13

an even yellowing of the sclera extending up to the cornea, indicating jaundice.

Back 13

sclera icterus

Front 14

eye lids are swollen and puffy. This occurs with local infection; crying; and systemic conditions such as congestive heart failure, renal failure, allergy, hypothyroidism (myxedema)

Back 14

Periorbital edema

Front 15

this eye condition is associated with thyroid conditions

Back 15

exophthalmos (protruding eyes)

Front 16

inability to tolerate light

Back 16

photophobia

Front 17

the perception of 2 images of a single object

Back 17

diplopia

Front 18

an even yellowing of the sclera extending up to the cornea, indicating jaundice.

Back 18

sclera icterus

Front 19

eye lids are swollen and puffy. This occurs with local infection; crying; and systemic conditions such as congestive heart failure, renal failure, allergy, hypothyroidism (myxedema)

Back 19

Periorbital edema

Front 20

this eye condition is associated with thyroid conditions

Back 20

exophthalmos (protruding eyes)

Front 21

occurs from neuromuscular weakness. Gives a person a sleepy appearance

Back 21

ptosis

Front 22

red, scaly, greasy flakes and thickened, crusted lid margins occur with staphyloccal infection or seborrheic dermatitis of the lid edge. Symptoms include burning, itching, tearing, foreign body sensation, and some pain

Back 22

Blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids)

Front 23

A localized staphylococcal infection of the hair follicles at the lid margin. It is painful, red, and swollen - a pustule at the lid margin

Back 23

hordeolum (stye)

Front 24

infection and blockage of sac and duct in the eye. Pain, warmth, redness, and swelling occur below the inner canthus toward nose. Tearing is present. Pressure on sac yield purulent discharge from puncta

Back 24

Dacryocystitis (inflammation of the lacrimal sac)

Front 25

pain, swelling, redness occur in the outer third of the upper lid. It occurs with mumps, measles, and infectious mononucleosis, or from trauma

Back 25

Dacryoadenitis (inflammation of the lacrimal gland

Front 26

(eye)
rare, but occurs most often on the lower lid and medial canthus. Looks like a papule with an ulcerated center

Back 26

Basal Cell carcinoma

Front 27

"pink eye", has red beefy looking vessels at periphery but usually clear around iris. Symptoms include itching, burning, foreign body sensation, and eyelids stuck together on awakening

Back 27

conjunctivitis

Front 28

red patch on the sclera. Red patch has sharp edges like a spot of paint. It occurs from increased intraocular pressure from coughing, sneezing, wight lifting, labor during child birth, straining at stool, trauma

Back 28

subconjunctival hemorrhage

Front 29

Deep dull red halo around the iris and cornea. Person also has marked photophobia, constricted pupil, blurred vision, and throbbing pain. Warrants immediate referral.

Back 29

Iritis (circumcorneal redness)

Front 30

This is the most common result of blunt eye injury, but irregular ridges usually visible only when flourescein stain reveals yellow-green branching. Because the area is rich in nerve endings, Person feels intense pain, foreign body sensation, lacramation, redness, and photo phobia

Back 30

Corneal abrasion

Front 31

Shows an opaque gray surrounded by black background as it forms in the center of lens nucleus. It begins after age 40 and develops slowly, gradually obstructing vision.

Back 31

Central gray opacity—nuclear cataract

Front 32

Soft exudates or “cotton wool” areas look like fluffy gray-white cumulus clouds. They occur with diabetes, hypertension, subacute bacterial endocarditis, lupus, and papilledema of any cause.

Back 32

Exudates

Front 33

tonsil grading:
1+ means:

Back 33

visible

Front 34

tonsil grading:
2+ means:

Back 34

halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula

Front 35

tonsil grading:
3+ means:

Back 35

touching the uvula

Front 36

tonsil grading:
4+ means:

Back 36

touching eachother

Front 37

Bright red throat; swollen tonsils; white or yellow exudates on tonsils and pharynx; swollen uvula; enlarged, tender anterior cervical and tonsillar nodes. Accompanied by severe sore throat, painful swallowing, fever >101°F of sudden onset.

Back 37

acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis

Front 38

smooth, firm fluctuant swelling on scalp. Skin shiny and taut, Is a benign growth.

Back 38

pilar cyst (wen)

Front 39

Rapid, painful inflammation of parotid from mumps, blockage of a duct, abscess, or tumor.

Back 39

Parotid Gland Enlargement

Front 40

deficiency of neurotransmitter dopamine and degeneration of basal ganglia in brain. Immobility of features produces a flat and expressionless face with elevated eyebrows, staring gaze, oily skin, and drooling.

Back 40

Parkinson's Syndrome

Front 41

excessive secretion of ACTH and chronic steroid use person develops round “moonlike” face, prominent jowls, red cheeks, hirsutism on upper lip, lower cheeks and chin and acneiform rash on chest.

Back 41

Cushing's syndrome

Front 42

goiter is increase in size of thyroid gland. Grave’s disease is mose common. manifested by goiter and exophthalmos(bulging eyeballs)

Back 42

hyperthyroidism

Front 43

deficiency of thyroid hormone when severe causes nonpitting edema.

Back 43

Myxedema (hypothyroidism)

Front 44

lower motor neuron lesion (peripheral) producing cranial nerve VII paralysis almost always unilateral. can’t wrinkle forehead, raise eyebrow, close eye, whistle or show teeth

Back 44

Bell's Palsy

Front 45

upper motor neuron lesion (central). a “stroke” is an acute neurologic deficit caused by obstruction of cerebral vessel. Paralysis of lower facial muscles, upper half of face not affected. Able to wrinkle forehead and close eyes.

Back 45

Brain Attach or Cerebrovascular Accident

Front 46

chronic wasting disease such as cancer, dehydration, and starvation. sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, exhausted defeated expression

Back 46

Cachectic appearance

Front 47

“hard skin” rare connective tissue disease, hard shiny skin of forehead and cheeks thin pursed lips. absent skinfolds, muscle atrophy on face and neck.

Back 47

scleroderma

Front 48

lesions that take a linear arragement along a nerve route (herpes zoster)

Back 48

zosteriform

Front 49

annular lesions that grow together

Back 49

polycyclic

Front 50

lesions take a form of a scratch, streak, line, or stripe

Back 50

linear

Front 51

lesions that resemble iris of eyes, concentric rings of lesions

Back 51

iris/target

Front 52

twisted, coiled, spiral, or snakelike lesions

Back 52

gyrate

Front 53

cluster of legions

Back 53

grouped

Front 54

distinct individual lesions that remain seperate

Back 54

discrete

Front 55

lesions that run together

Back 55

confluent

Front 56

lesions that are circular, begin in center & spread periphery (ringworm, tinea, versicolor, pityriasis

Back 56

annular lesions

Front 57

Lesion:
flat, soleyly color change, circumscribed, less than 1 cm (freckle, flat nevus, hypopigmentation, petechai, measles, scarlet fever

Back 57

macule

Front 58

Lesion:
macule larger than 1 cm. (mongolian spot, vitiligo, cholasma, measles, cafe-au-lait spot

Back 58

patch

Front 59

Lesion:
you can palpate, solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm in diameter (elevated nevus (mole), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca))

Back 59

papule

Front 60

Lesion:
coalesce wider than 1 cm
plateau like
disk shaped lesion (psoriasis, lichen planus)

Back 60

Plaque

Front 61

Lesion:
solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm, may extend deeper into dermis than papule (xanthoma, fibroma, indradermal nevus)

Back 61

nodule

Front 62

Lesion:
larger than few centimeter in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis, benign or malignant (lipoma, hemangioma)

Back 62

tumor

Front 63

Lesion:
superficial, raised, transient, erythematous, irregular shape from edema (mosquito bite, allergic reaction, dermographism)

Back 63

wheal

Front 64

Lesion:
wheals coalesce, extensive reaction, intensely pruritic

Back 64

Urticaria (hives)

Front 65

Lesion:
elevated cavity, free clear fluid, up to 1 cm (herpes simplex, early varicella, herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis)

Back 65

vesicle

Front 66

Lesion:
larger than 1 cm diameter, single chambered (unicoular), superficial in epidermis, thin walled (ruptures easily) (friction blister, pemphigus, burns, contact dermatitis)

Back 66

Bulla

Front 67

Lesion:
encapsulated, fluid filled cavity in dermis, subcutaneous layer tensely elevates skin (sebaceous cyst, wen)

Back 67

Cyst

Front 68

Lesion:
thickened, dried out exudate, red-brown, honey, yellow (impetigo (dry, honey colored), weeping eczematous dermatitis, scab following abrasion)

Back 68

Crust

Front 69

Lesion:
compact, desiccated flakes of skin, dry or greasy, silvary or white, dead excess keratin cells (following drug reaction {laminated sheets}, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, dry skin)

Back 69

Scale

Front 70

Lesion:
linear crack, abrupt edges, into dermis, dry or moist (athletes foot, cheilosis [corners of mouth due to excess moisture])

Back 70

Fissure

Front 71

Lesion:
scooped out, shallow depression, superficial lesion, epidermis is lost, lesion is moist, no bleeding, heals without scar, not into dermis

Back 71

Erosion

Front 72

Lesion:
deep depression, extended into dermis, irregularly shaped, may bleed, leaves scar (stasis ulcer, pressure sore, chancre)

Back 72

Ulcer

Front 73

Lesion:
self inflicted abrasion, superficial, sometimes crusted (scratches from: insect bites, scabies, dermatitis, varicella)

Back 73

excoriation

Front 74

Lesion:
skin lesion repaired, normal tissue lost, replaced with connective tissue (collagen), fibrotic change (healed area of surgery or injury, acne)

Back 74

scar

Front 75

Lesion:
skin level depressed with loss of tissue, thinning of the epidermis (striae [stretch marks])

Back 75

atrophic scar

Front 76

Lesion:
thickening of the skin from prolonged intense scratching, tightly packed sets of papules (looks like surface of moss (lichen)

Back 76

lichenification

Front 77

Lesion:
hypertrophic scar, skin elevated, excess scar tissue, invasive beyond site of injury, may increase after healing occurs, looks smooth, rubbery, clawlike, high incidence among blacks

Back 77

Keloid

Front 78

Pain in the ear is called

Back 78

otalgia

Front 79

discharge that suggests infection canal or perforated eardrum is called

Back 79

otorrhea

Front 80

desnse white patches on the eardrum are sequelae of repeated ear infections. Do not necessarily affect hearing.

Back 80

scarred drum

Front 81

purulent, sanguineous, or watery discharge. Swimmer’s Ear.

Back 81

external otitis

Front 82

purulent yellow-amber discharge

Back 82

acute otitis media with perforation

Front 83

dirty yellow/gray discharge, foul odor. Typically with perforation-ear pain occurs 1st, stops with popping sensation, then drainage occurs.

Back 83

cholesteatoma

Front 84

a type of hearing loss that involves a mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear. Partial loss; person is able to hear if sound amplitude is increased to reach normal nerve elements in the inner ear. May be caused by impacted cerumen, foreign bodies, a perforated tympanic membrane, pus, or serum in the middle ear and by Otosclerosis, which is the gradual hardening that causes the foot plate of the stapes to become fixed in the oval window, impeding the transmission of sound. Common cause of conductive hearing loss-occurs in adults 20-40 yrs old

Back 84

conductive hearing loss

Front 85

a type of hearing loss: pathology of the inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex. An increase in amplitude may not enable the person to understand words. Caused by Presbycusis and by ototoxic drugs, which affect the hair cells in the cochlea.

Back 85

Conductive hearing loss

Front 86

high-tone frequency hearing loss, gradual onset years, whereas a trauma hearing loss is often sudden. Occurs with ageing.)

Back 86

presbycusis

Front 87

type of hearing loss: a combination of conductive and sensorineural types in the same ear.

Back 87

mixed loss

Front 88

a marked loss when sound is at low intensity, but sound actually becomes painful when repeated in a loud voice.

Back 88

recruitment

Front 89

Ringing or buzzing in the ear.

Back 89

tinnitus

Front 90

vertigo: feels like the room spins

Back 90

objective vertigo

Front 91

vertigo: person feels like he or she spins

Back 91

subjective vertigo

Front 92

ears smaller than 4 cm vertically

Back 92

Microtia

Front 93

ears larger than 10 cm vertically

Back 93

macrotia

Front 94

on the ears: reddened, excessively warm skin indicates

Back 94

inflammation

Front 95

on the ears: red-blue color indicates

Back 95

frostbite

Front 96

an absence or closure of the ear canal

Back 96

atresia

Front 97

a sticky yellow discharge accompanies ____________ or may indicate ________________ if the drum has ruptured

Back 97

otitis externa; otitis media

Front 98

impacted ________ is a common cause of conductive hearing loss. Occurs more in older adults. Is reversible. 2 major types dry cerumen-gray, flaky, forms thin mass in ear canal, wet cerumen—honey brown to dark brown and moist.

Back 98

impacted cerumen

Front 99

redness and swelling in the external canal, canal may be completely closed with swelling

Back 99

otitis externa

Front 100

purulent otorrhea suggest _________ or ________ if the drum has ruptured.

Back 100

otitis externa, or otitis media

Front 101

Frank blood or clear, watery drainage (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after trauma suggest basal skull fracture and warrants ____________________. CSF feels oily & test + for glucose.

Back 101

immediate referal

Front 102

Yellow amber color serous occurs with drum. Note an air/fluid level with fine black dividing line or air bubbles visible behind drum. Symptom: feeling of fullness, transient hearing loss, popping sound with swallowing.

Back 102

otitis media with effusion (OME)

Front 103

results when middle ear fluid is infected. Absent light reflex from increasing middle ear pressure is an early sign. Redness and bulging in superior part of drum, earache and fever. Fiery red bulging of entire eardrum occurs ; deep throbbing pain, transient hearing loss. Pneumatic otoscopy reveals drum hypomobility.

Back 103

Acute (Purulent) Otitis Media

Front 104

diminished or absent landmarks, thickened drum.

Back 104

Chronic otitis media

Front 105

resulting from vacuum in middle ear with obstructed eustachian tube. Light reflex is absent or disorted. Drum is dull and lusterless and does not move. Indicate negative pressure and middle ear vacuum from obstructed Eustachian tube and serous otitis media. Prominent landmarks.
e. bulging drum from increased pressure in otitis media

Back 105

Retracted drum

Front 106

_____ shows as a dark oval area or as a larger opening on the drum.

Back 106

perforation

Front 107

_________shows as a dark oval area or as a larger opening on the drum. And occurs in tensa

Back 107

Central perforations

Front 108

perforations that occur at the annulus

Back 108

Marginal perforations

Front 109

Perforations that occur in the superior part of the drum

Back 109

attic perforations

Front 110

indicates blood in the middle ear, as in trauma resulting in skull fracture.

Back 110

Blue Drum (hemotympanum)

Front 111

black or white dots on drum or canal indicate a colony of growth.

Back 111

Fungal infection (otomycosis)

Front 112

Small painless nodule at the helix. Congenital variation. Not significant. Do not mistake for Tophus.

Back 112

Darwin's Tubercle

Front 113

Commonly behind lobule, in postauricular fold. A nodule with central black punctum indicates blocked sebaceous gland. Filled with waxy sebaceous material & painful if infected. Often are multiple.

Back 113

Sebaceous Cyst

Front 114

Small, whitish-yellow, hard nontender nodules in or near helix or antihelix; contain greasy chalky material of uric acid crystals, are a sign of gout

Back 114

Toph

Front 115

Painful nodules on rim of helix as a result of repetitive mechanical pressure or environmental trauma (sunlight). Small, indurated, dull red, poorly defined

Back 115

Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicus

Front 116

Overgrowth of scar tissue which invades original sight of trauma. Frequent in dark-skinned folk.

Back 116

Keloid

Front 117

Ulcerated crusted nodule with indurated base that fails to heal. Bleeds intermittently. Must refer biopsy.Usually occurs on the superior rim of the pinna. Can occur in ear canal.

Back 117

Carcinoma

Front 118

Produced or is impacted because of narrow tortuous canal or poor cleaning method. Expands after swimming or showering, person has ear fullness.

Back 118

excessive cerumen

Front 119

Severe swelling of canal, inflammation, tenderness. Canal lumen is narrowed to one fourth normal size. Scanty purulent discharge, scaling , itching, fever. Hearing normal or slightly diminished. Common in hot humid weather. Swimming causes canal to become waterlogged and swell. Prevent by using rubbing alcohol or 2% acetic acid eardrops after each swim.

Back 119

Otitis externa (swimmers ear)

Front 120

Single, stony hard, rounded nodule that obscures the drum, nontender, overlying skin appears normal. Attached to inner third, the bony part, of the canal. Benign, but refer for removal.

Back 120

osteoma

Front 121

Usually affects children. Common objects are beans, corn, breakfast cereal, jewelry beads, small stones, sponge rubber. Cotton is most common for adults.

Back 121

foreign body

Front 122

More common than osteoma. Occur more frequeantly in cold water swimmers. No treatment necessary, although it may cause accumulation of cerumne, which blacks the canal.

Back 122

Exostosis

Front 123

Very painful, redden, infected hair follicle. Regional lymphadenopathy often accompanies a furuncle.

Back 123

furuncle

Front 124

Redder than surrounding skin, bleeds easily, bathed in foul purulent discharge, indicates chronic ear disease. Benign, but refer for excision.

Back 124

Polyp

Front 125

Tube inserted surgically into eardrum to relieve middle ear pressure and promote drainage of chronic or recurrent middle ear infections.

Back 125

insertion of tympanostomy tubes

Front 126

Growth can erode bone and produce hearing loss. Early signs include otorrhea, unilateral conductive hearing loss, and tinnitus. Pearly white, cheesy appearance.

Back 126

cholesteatoma

Front 127

Small vesicles containing blood on the drum; accompany mycoplasma pneumonia and virus infections. May have blood tinged discharge and severe otalgia.

Back 127

Bullous Myringitis

Front 128

small flat increase of brown melanin pigment

Back 128

freckle (ephellides)

Front 129

a proliferation of melanocytes, tan to brown color flat or raised

Back 129

Nevus (mole)

Front 130

may be tan to brown color

Back 130

Birthmarks

Front 131

decreased hematocrit - generalized pallor

Back 131

anemia

Front 132

decreased perfusion

Back 132

shock

Front 133

whitish pink

Back 133

albinism

Front 134

destruction of melanocytes patchy while spots

Back 134

Vitillgo

Front 135

increased amount of unoxygenated hemoglobin - dusky blue: may be caused by chronic heart & lung disease or exposure to cold or anxiety

Back 135

cyanosis

Front 136

inflammation, fever, alcohol intake, blushing - red, bright pink (dark skin - purplish)

Back 136

hyperemia - erythema

Front 137

capillary stasis - ruddy blue (dark - check lips)

Back 137

polycythemia - erythema

Front 138

signs of carbon monoxide poisoning

Back 138

cherry red face, nailbeds, lips

Front 139

decreased blood flow - dusky rubor prelude necrosis with engorged venules

Back 139

Venus Stasis

Front 140

conditions that cause jaundice (yellowing of the skin)

Back 140

liver inflammation or hemolytic disease, sever burns/some infections - yellow sclera, hard palate, mucous membranes

Front 141

increased serum carotene, foods - yellow orange not in sclera

Back 141

Carotenemia

Front 142

renal failure/retained urochrome pigments in blood - orange-green or gray, may have ecchymoses & purpura

Back 142

Uremia

Front 143

Cortisol deficiency (increased melanin) bronzed appearance, eternal tan nipples, perineum, genitalia & pressure points

Back 143

Addison's disease

Front 144

increased melanin basal cell layer - tan, light brown, irregular shape, oval well defined borders

Back 144

Cafe-au-lait spots

Front 145

generalized coolness (may be induced for surgery/high fever) may be caused by: shock or localized in peripheral insufficiencey in Raynaud's Disese because of vasospasm

Back 145

hypothermia

Front 146

increased metabolic rate: fever, infection, heavy exercise, sunburn, trauma

Back 146

hyperthyroidism (hypermetaboic state)

Front 147

profuse perspiration from increased metabolic rate (heavy activity or fever)

Back 147

Diaphoresis

Front 148

smoother/softer velvet skin is caused by

Back 148

hyperthyroidism

Front 149

rough, dry, flaky skin is caused by:

Back 149

hypothyroidism

Front 150

very thin, shiny skin is caused by

Back 150

arterial insufficiency

Front 151

what would cause local/peripheral edema?

Back 151

heart failure, or kidney failure

Front 152

small, smooth, raised, bright red dots

Back 152

Cherry (senile) angiomas age 30+

Front 153

bruising is also called:

Back 153

Ecchymosis

Front 154

multiple bruises above knees and below elbows is a sign of ________

Back 154

physical abuse