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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Breasts lie anterior to the ____________ and _____________ muscles.
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1. pectoralis major
2. serratus anterior |
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Breasts are located between the ____ and ____ ribs, extending from the ____________ to the ______________.
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2nd and 6th ribs
extending from side of sternum to midaxillary line |
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Tiny milk duct openings are indented on the ...
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nipple
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The areola contains ____________, which are ________.
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Montgomery's glands -
small elevated sebaceous glands |
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What do Montgomery's glands do?
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The secrete a protective lipid material during lactation.
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Breasts are composed of three types of tissue. What are they?
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1. glandular tissue
2. fibrous tissue (including suspensory ligaments 3. adipose tissue |
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What is contained in the glandular tissue of the breast?
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clusters of alveoli that produce milk
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What is another name for suspensory ligaments? What is their purpose?
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Cooper's ligaments -
the attach to the chest wall and support the breast |
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What provides most of the bulk of the breast?
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adipose tissue
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What is the most common site of breast cancer?
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tail of Spence
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Where is the tail of Spence located?
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in the upper, outer quadrant
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What are the age ranges in which women should be performing a self breast exam monthly?
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20-39
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At which age should a woman begin getting yearly mammograms?
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40
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When should a women perform a breast self exam? Why?
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after menstrual period or on the 4th-7th day of menstrual cycle because the breasts are smallest and least congested
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What are the locations of the 4 lymph nodes in this region?
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1. central axillary
2. pectoral 3. subscapular 4. lateral |
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At puberty, the __________ hormones stimulate breast changes.
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estrogen
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What is menarche?
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the beginning of menstruation
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Breast development precedes menarche by about ___ years.
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2
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In the pregnant female, after the 4th month ___________ may be expressed.
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colostrum
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What is colostrum?
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A thick, yellow fluid that is the precursor for milk. It contains the same amount of protein and lactose as milk, but practically no fat. It is rich with antibodies.
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In the aging female, __________ and __________ decrease, causing the breasts to atrophy.
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estrogen and progesterone
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What are the 5 risk factors for breast cancer that cannot be changed?
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1. female sex, age > 50
2. personal Hx of breast cancer 3. first degree relative with breast cancer 4. previous breast irradiation 5. menstration before 12 or menopause after 50 |
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What are the 7 risk factors for breast cancer that can be changed?
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1. nulliparity or 1st child after age 30
2. recent oral contraceptive use 3. postmenopausal hormone therapy 4. not breast feeding 5. more than 1 alcoholic drink per day 6. obesity 7. physical inactivity |
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When examining the axilla, what 4 things should you be looking for?
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1. tenderness
2. lump(s) 3. swelling 4. rash |
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True or false:
It is common to have a slight asymmetry in the size of the breasts; often the left breast is slightly larger than the right. |
true
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When inspecting the skin of the breasts, what abnormalities should you be looking for?
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redness, bulging, or dimpling
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What does recent nipple retraction signify?
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acquired disease
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An extra nipple along the embryonic "milk line" is called a _______, and is considered normal and a common variation.
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supernumerary nipple
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What are the 4 maneuvers to screen for retraction?
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1. lift arms slowly over head
2. push hands onto hips 3. push two palms together (check for dimpling or pucker which means retraction) 4. lean forward (support her forearms) |
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Examine the _______ while the women is sitting.
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axilla
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What is the proper way to inspect and palpate the axilla?
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reach fingers high into the axilla and move them firmly down in 4 directions
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Usually nodes ______ (are/are not) palpable.
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are not
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When palpating the breasts, the women should be in the _______ position.
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supine
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What is the proper method of palpating the breast?
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use the pads of the first 3 fingers and make a gentle rotary motion on the breast
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What are the 3 methods of palpation? Which is the preferred method?
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1. vertical strip (preferred)
2. spokes on a wheel 3. concentric circles |
