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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Angina
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Chest Pain
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Orthopnea
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Shortness of breath while lying flat
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Trepopnea
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dyspnea that is relieved by lying on one's side
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Aortic Area (Assessment Point)
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Second Right intercoastal space
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Pulmonic Area (Assessment Point)
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Second Left intercoastal space
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Erb's Point (Assessment Point)
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Third Left intercoastal space
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Tricupsid Area (assessment Point)
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Fourth Left intercoastal space
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Mitral Area (Assessment Point)
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Fifth Left intercoastal space
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Point of Maximum Intensity (Assessment Point)
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6th Left intercoastal space
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Abdominal (assessment point)
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aorta bruits
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Cardiac cycle
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Diastole and Systole
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Diastole
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First heart sound= LUB
S1 Tricupsid and Mitral Valves Close Heard best at Mitral and PMI |
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Systole
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Second heart sound= DUB
S2 Aortic and Pulmonic Valves Close Heard best at Aortic area |
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Base
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Top of heart
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Apex
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Bottom of heart
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Thrills
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Vibrations that feels like cat's purr and felt with the ball of the hand
Indicates cardiac murmur |
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Splitting
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valves not closing at the same time so two sounds are heard
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Grade I Murmur
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barely audible
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Grade II Murmur
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faint
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Grade III Murmur
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moderately loud
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Grade IV Murmur
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somewhat louder, may be accompanied with thrills
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Grade V Murmur
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loud with thrills
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Grade VI Murmur
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heard without stethoscope and also associated with thrills
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Dextrocardia
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heart is positioned on the right side of the chest instead of the normal left side
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Atrioventricular Valves
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Tricupsid Valve and Mitral Valve
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Semilunar Valves
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Pulmonic Valve and Aortic Valve
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Mitral Stenosis
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NARROWING of the mitral valve, causing the valve not to open completely
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Mitral Regurgitation
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Abnormal leaking of blood through the mitral valve because valve doesn't close tightly
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Mitral valve doesn't close correctly allow backward leaking of blood in the heart
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Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
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thickened muscle of the heart's main pumping chamber
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Sick Sinus Syndrome
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bradycardia in which the SA node is not working as it should
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SA node
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"Paceaker" generates electrical signals that regulate pace and rhythm of the heart beat
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AV node
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gets the signal and spreads it to the ventricles causing them to contract and pump blood
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Bacterial Endocarditis
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infection of the inner surface of the heart caused by bacteria
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Congestive Heart Failure
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the heart fails to pump blood to the body effectively
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Pericarditis
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inflammation of the pericardium, the sac- like membrane the surrounds the heart
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Cardiac tamponade
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blood or fluid filled collects within the pericardium and prevents fully expansion so the heart can not adequately fill or pump
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Cor Pulmonale
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alteration in the structure and function of the right ventricle caused by primary disorder of the respiratory system
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Myocardial Infarction
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heart attack occurring when an area of the heart muscle is damaged because of inadequate supply of oxygen
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Myocarditis
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inflammation of the heart muscle
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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in infants and children; four defects in different areas of the heart- pulmonary valve stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
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ventricular septal defect
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"hole" in the heart; a defect between the two lower chambers
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Patent ductus arteriosus
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a connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery
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atrial septal defect
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"hole" in the heart; defect between the upper chambers
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Atherosclerotic heart disease
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hardening of the arteries
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Senile cardiac amyloidosis
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amyloid deposits in the heart that causes heart failure
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Aortic Sclerosis
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thicening and calcification of the aortic valve
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Pulse Sites
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carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, pedal
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Pitting Edema Grading
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1+... 1/4 inch or less
2+... 1/4 to 1/2 inch 3+... 1/4 inch to 1 inch 4+... 1 inch or more |
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Capillary refill
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after blanching the nail bed, color should return in 2 to 3 seconds
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Hemophilia
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bleeding disorder
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Claudication
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circulation problem that causes pain during exercise
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Three P's of Occlusion
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Pain
Pallor Pulselessness |
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Cranial arteritis
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inflammation of the artery
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Arterial aneurysm
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weakening of an artery
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Arteriovenous fistula
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abnormal passageway between an artery and a vein
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Peripheral Atherosclerotic Disease
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occulsion of the blood supply due to atherosclerotic plaques and leads to claudication
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Raynaud's disease
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conditions that causes areas of the body (toes, fingers, nose,ears) to feel numb and cool due to cold temperature and stress
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Arterial Embolic Disease
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clot formation within the atrium
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Venous thrombosis
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involves clot formation in the large veins
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Coarction of the aorta
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narrowing of the aorta at the arch
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Kawasaki disease
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fever, rash, swollen hands and feet, redness of eyes, swollen lymph glans in the neck and inflammation of the mouth, lips and throat
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Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
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a stage of arteriosclerosis involving closure of blood vessels
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Venous ulcers
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ulcers generally found on lower extremities most often in elderly
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Right lung
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3 lobes
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Left Lung
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2 lobes
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Paradox
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reverse breathing; chest moves out on expiration and in on inspiration
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Cheyne- Stokes
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abnormal type of breathing; periods of shallow deep breathing and apnea
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Biot
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group of similar sized breaths alternating with regular periods of apnea
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Ataxic
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irregular breathing with regular pausing and increasing periods of apnea without a pattern
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Hyperpnea
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increase breathing required to meet demand
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Hypopnea
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shallow breathing
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Kussmaul
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very deep and labored breathing; diabetic acidosis
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Vesicular breath sounds
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heard over most of lung field
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Bronchovesicular breath sounds
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heard over bronchus area- where branch away from trachea
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Bronchial/ Tracheal Breath Sounds
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heard over the trachea- along the sternum
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Amphoric
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descriptive sound made by blowing across the top of a bottle
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Crackles
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abnormal respiration sound heard more often during inspiration- fine, medium, and course
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Rhonchi
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sonorous wheeze, loud- low course like a snore
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Wheezes
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musical noise sounding like a squeak
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Friction Rub
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dry rubbing sound caused by inflammation of pleural surface
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Medistinal Crunch
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mediastinal emphysema; loud crackles, clinking, and gurgling sounds
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Pectoriloquy
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a whisper can be heard clearly through a stethoscope
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Bronchophony
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greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken words
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Egophony
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intensity of spoken voice is increased and there is a nasal quality
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Resonant
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Loud and low
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Flat
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Soft and high
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Dull
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Medium and medium pitched
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Asthma
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COPD; airway inflammation and generally resulting from airway hyperreactivity triggered by allergens, anxiety, cigarrette smoke and temperature
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Atelectasis
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incomplete expansion of lung or the collapse of a lung
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Bronchitis
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inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes
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Pleurisy
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inflammation process involving the viseral and parietal pleura, resulting from pulmonary infection
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Pleural effusion
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excessive nonpurulent fluid in the pleural space resulting in fibrotic thickening
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Emphysema
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excessive purrulent in the pleural space
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Lung Abscess
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well defined circumscribed mass defined by inflamation and central necrosis
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Pneumonia
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inflammatory response to an infectious agent
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Influenza
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a host of viruses causes acute generalized febrile illness
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Tuberculosis
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chronic infectious disease that most often begins in the lungs and spreads in many organs and systems
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Pneumothorax
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the presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity
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Hemothorax
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the presence of blood in the pleural cavity
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Cystic fibrosis
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thick mucous may cause progressive clogging of the bronchi and bronchioles and subsequent pulmonary infections
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Epiglotitis
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inflammation of the epiglottis
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Tracheomalaise
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noisy breathing
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OS
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left eye
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OD
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right eye
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OU
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both eyes
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Eyelid
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Distribute tears over the eye
Limit the amount of light entering the eye Protect the eye from foreign bodies |
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Conjuctiva
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Protects the eye from foreign bodies and desiccation
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Lacrimal gland
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Produces tears that moisten the eye
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Sclera
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Anterior of the white of the eye -- should be white
Supports the internal structure of the eye |
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Cornea
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Separates the watery fluid and the external environment
Permits the transmission of light through the lens to the retina |
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Iris
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Contains pigments cells that produce the color of the eye
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Pupil
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Controls the amount of light reaching the retina by dilating and contracting
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Retina
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Sensory network for the brain
Transform light impulses to the brain |
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hyperopic
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farsightedness
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Myopic
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nearsightedness
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Presbyopia
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An elderly disease; farshightedness
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Numerator
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Distance away from the chart
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denominator
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distance the average eye can read
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Visual acuity
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Each eye tested on 20 ft away from a snellen chart
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Pinhole test
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if vision is less than 20/20
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astigmatism
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abnormal condition of the eye in whch light rays do not focus clearly
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Diplopia
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double vision
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cataracts
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abnormal progressive condition of the lens
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Exophthalmos
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protrusion of the eyeball
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Miosis
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constriction of the pupil
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ptosis
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drooping of the eyelids
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Strabismus
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a condition in which both eyes do not focus on an object simultaneously
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Stye
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a purulent infection of the eyelid
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Aphakia
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a condition in which the lens of the eye is absent
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Enophthalaus
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backward displacement of the eye
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Blepharitis
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a inflammatory condition of the lash follicles
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Glaucoma
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abnormal condition of elevated pressure within the eye caused by obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor
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Mydriasis
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dilation of the pupil
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Amblyopia
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reduced vision in an eye
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Photophobia
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sensitivity to light
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Retinoblastoma
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cancer of the retina
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Retinitis pigmentosa
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inherited condition characterized by night blindness and loss of peripheral vision
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Arcus sinilis
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surrounding the iris in the elderly
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Nystagmus
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involuntary eye movement
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