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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Delusion is an example of an abnormality of:
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thought content
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DF complains of "bugs" on a clean bed. This is an example of altered:
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perception
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What best describes the four major components of the mental status exam?
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Appearance, behavior, cognition, and thought processes
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Apraxia is best described as:
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the impaired ability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function.
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Tense posture. Clothing clean;no shoes or coat with temperature in the low 40s describes what?
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appearance
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Abstract thinking is the ability to think
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hypothetically
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Blocking best illustrates what?
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This best illustrates an abnormality of thought process
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The Set Test is a supplemental test specifically used with
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aging adults.
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Orientation and attention span are categorized under
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cognitive function
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The purpose of the mental status exam is
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to determine mental health strengths, to determine coping skills & to screen for dysfunction.
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Behaviors assessed during the mental status examination include:
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consciousness, facial expression, speech, and mood.
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Use of the A-B-C-T guidelines is recommended for which age group?
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Individuals across the life span
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What are abdormalities often due to when testing children?
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Abnormal findings are often problems of omission or non-achievement of an expected developmental milestone.
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The development of thought process coincides with readiness for
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school.
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Aphasia is best described as
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a language disturbance.
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How can the diagnosis of dementia be differentiated from delerium?
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The diagnosis of dementia is dependent on presence of impaired social or occupational functioning
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A major characteristic of dementia is
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impaired short- and long-term memory.
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The four main headings during history and physical exam are
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appearance, behavior, cognition, and thought processes
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What may cause Delerium?
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Substance Abuse
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What are somet cognitive changes at age 7?
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more logical and systematic ablity to reason and understand
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what can inadvertently influence the interpretation of a mental status exam
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medication
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One way to assess cognition and detect dementia is with
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the Mini-Mental Status Exam.
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Unilateral neglect is the total inattention to one side of the body that is associated with
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cerebrovascular accidents
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Speech and mood fall under the category of
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behavior
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Language as a social tool coincides with
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cooperative play
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concern about a person's change in behavior, aphasia,and acute symptoms of mental illness are
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Indications for a full mental status exam include
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Grooming and hygiene fall under the category of:
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appearance.
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The Behavioral Checklist, which is completed by a parent/caretaker, assesses the mental status of:
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children 7 to 11 years of age.
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The Set Test specifically screens for:
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dementia.
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Agnosia is best described as:
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the impaired ability to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function.
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Additional assessments are required for the aphasic patient by asking the patient to demonstrate:
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word comprehension by naming articles in the room or on the body as you point to them.
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Language as a social tool coincides with a:
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child's readiness to play cooperatively.
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writing an original sentence would test for?
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aphasia
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Mental status assessment documents:
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dysfunction and how dysfunction impacts self-care.
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Memory impairment is best descried as:
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impaired ability to learn/recall prior learning despite absence of significant cog. impairment
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Dementia can best be described as:
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the development of multiple cognitive deficits.
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groups of axillary lymph nodes drains the other three
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Central
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what is the best description of Stage 3 breast development
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The nipple is flush with the surface of breast tissue.
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The glandular tissue of the breasts contains:
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milk-producing cells and collection/storage systems.
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The cone-shaped breast tissue that projects up into the axilla along the pectoral nodes is called:
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the tail of Spence.
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What are some common changes for pregnant women?
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nodularity, dark areolas with erect nipples, & a superficial, prominent venous pattern.
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What might a nurse expect to find in a breast exam of an 81 year old woman?
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palpable, firm, stringy lactiferous ducts.
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Spontaneous clear nipple discharge is common in
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women with a recent history of childbirth or breastfeeding.
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A 3 cm firm, fixed, irregular mass L tail of Spence would be suspicious of what?
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cancer
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A Supernumerary nipple is
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a normal breast variation
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a shallow dimple or skin tether apparent at rest or with arm lifting is
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Skin retraction
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pig-skin, orange peel, and peau d'orange are indicative of what?
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Lymphatic obstruction suggestive of cancer
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Spontaneous, unilateral serous or serosanguinous discharge from a single duct is most likely due to an:
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intraductal papilloma.
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Gynecomastia can accompany:
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Cushing's syndrome, hormonal treatment and other medications.cirrhosis of the liver, &
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Itching/burning/drawing pain with pasty, purulent nipple discharge & palpable ducts are symptoms of:
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mammary duct ectasia.
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An erythematous areolar halo and a crusted, eczematous retracted nipple are commonly found in:
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Paget's disease.
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Drainage from the central axillary nodes flow:
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into the infraclavicular and supraclavicular nodes.
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The number of lobes within the breast ranges between:
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15 to 20.
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The smallest structure of the mammary gland is the:
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alveolus
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The lactiferous sinuses are:
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the milk storing reservoirs.
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The breast is composed of glandular tissue, adipose tissue, and:
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fibrous tissue.
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Suspensory ligaments are supportive fibrous bands that:
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extend vertically from the surface and attach to muscles of the chest wall.
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The relative proportion of glandular/fibrous/adipose breast tissue depends on:
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nutritional status/ reproductive stage/gender
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The most common site of cancerous breast tumors is in the:
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upper outer quadrant.
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Describe the lymphatic drainage system of the breast
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The central axillary nodes drain in the infraclavicular supraclavicular nodes
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Where do the majority of lymph drain?
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Into the ipsilateral axillary nodes
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What does the breast consist of at birth?
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lactiferous ducts within the nipple.
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At puberty, what changes does estrogen cause in the breast?
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enlargement/ductal system development/Alveoli mature
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Menarche occurs during which stage of breast development?
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3 or 4
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Colostrum is present starting
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about the twelfth week of pregnancy
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What happens to the breasts post-menopause?
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Glandular tissue decreases/ Fibrous connective tissue increases/Fat tissue atrophies
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Mastalgia or breast pain commonly occurs with:
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trauma, inflammation, and infection.
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Slight crusting of the nipple apex that spreads to the areola is suspicious of:
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Paget's disease.
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What breast lump characteristics should the examiner document?
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Size, shape, consistency, tenderness, and skin appearance of the breast
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What patient maneuvers help the examiner to see retraction or dimpling?
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Pushing the palms of the hands together
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What is the lifetime risk of breast cancer for men?
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The lifetime risk of developing breast cancer is 1 in a 100.
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Signs suspicious of breast cancer include:
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skin dimpling or retraction.
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women 20-39 should have one of these every 3 years
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clinical breast exam
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This kind of pain is common in women who take oral contraceptives
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cyclic
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decreased breast firmness and shrinkage is expected after
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menopause
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Nipple discharge is known as
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Galactorrhea
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Determining the pattern of factors that might contribute to breast cancer is called
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a risk profile
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breast pain that occurs with trauma or benign breast disease is called
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mastalgia
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This is normal compressed breast tissue/ not a lump
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inframammary ridge
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enlargement of male breast tissue
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gynecomastia
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description of breast tissue as hard/soft/ or firm is called?
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consistancy
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an extra nipple located below the breast:
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supranumerary
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early breast development with no other secondary sex characteristics present
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Thelarche
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this finding should be distinguised from nipple inversion
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nipple retraction
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this is a passive process that occurs when the diaphram relaxes and squeezes the lungs
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expiration
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maintaining an acid base balance in the arterial blood employs this mechanism:
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homeostasis
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This rapid breathing causes CO2 to be blown off
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hyperventilation
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air rushes into lungs and then is exhaled from lungs
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respiration
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shallow form of breathing that leads to CO2 build up in blood
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hypoventilation
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this is the normal stimulus to breathe
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hypercapnea
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this is supplied to blood to enhance energy production
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oxygen
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what qudrant are the liver/gallbladder located
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RUQ
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what qudrant are the cecum and appendix located
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RLQ
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An enlarged spleen may be confused with what?
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An enlarged kidney
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Where is the left kidney usually palpable?
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right below the ribcage
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The-----is not palpable unless it is 3x's its normal size
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spleen
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Auscultation of the normal abdomen should yeild
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perisystolic sounds
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Hooking is the technique common in palpating the...
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liver
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The size of a normal liver in the adult is .......cm
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6-12
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dullness when percussing the bladder indicates
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distention
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the pattern of pubic hair in the adult male is
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diamond
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a visible bulge on the ab. of a newborn is known as
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diastasis recti
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silvery-white jagged lines commonly seen on the Ab. are called
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linea albinates
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a constant board like hardness of the ab. muscles as a result of inflamation of the peritoneum is
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involuntary rigidity
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predominate percussive sound heard over a gasseous distended abdomen:
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hyper-ressonance
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eating of chips of paint, grass, or clay common in children or pregnant women
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pica
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a shifting dullness on palpation of ab is an indication of
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ascites
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enlarged liver on palpation
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hepatomegaly
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uniformly rounded belly/sunken umbilicus/ normal BS tymp. and palp.
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obesity
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localized distention/norm.bs/ dull areas of percussion/ defined borders on palpation
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tumor
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