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389 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Type of headache that tends to be supraorbital, retroorbital, or frontotemporal?
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Migraine (Vascular)
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Type of headache that tends to be either occipital or frontal, with bandlike tightness?
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Tension
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Other terms for cerebrovascular accident
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*Brain Attack
*Stroke *CVA |
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Difficulty swallowing
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Dysphagia
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Enlarged head for age
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Macroencephaly
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Literally means "hard skin" and is characterized by chronic hardening and shrinking of connective tissue
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Scleroderma
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While experiencing ______, and objective person perceives that the room spins; a subjective person perceives that he or she is spinning.
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Vertigo
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Lightheaded, swimming sensation, or a feeling of falling
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Dizziness
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Enlargement of the lymph nodes (greater than 1 cm)
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Lymphadenopathy
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Caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland after puberty, which creates an enlarged skull and thickened cranial bones
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Acromegaly
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Occurs because of excessive secretion of ACTH and chronic steroid use.
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Cushing's Syndrome
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Characterized by a rounded "moonlike" face, red cheeks, and hirsuitism
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Cushing's Syndrome
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Increase in the size of the thyroid gland and occurs with hyperthyroidism
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Goiter
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Cephalhematoma in a newborn is the result of _____
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Birth Trauma
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A large atalectasis will cause the trachea to shift _____ the affected side.
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Toward
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Collapse of the lung
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Atalectasis
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Tumor or pneumothorax will cause the trachea to shift ____ the affected side.
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Away from
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Lens opacity
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Cataract
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The ___ _____ is caused by the reflection of the examination light off the inner retina.
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Red Reflex
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Dilated and fixed pupils
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Mydriasis
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Occurs because of excessive secretion of ACTH and chronic steroid use.
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Cushing's Syndrome
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Characterized by a rounded "moonlike" face, red cheeks, and hirsuitism
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Cushing's Syndrome
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Increase in the size of the thyroid gland and occurs with hyperthyroidism
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Goiter
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Cephalhematoma in a newborn is the result of _____
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Birth Trauma
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A large atalectasis will cause the trachea to shift _____ the affected side.
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Toward
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Collapse of the lung
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Atalectasis
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Tumor or pneumothorax will cause the trachea to shift ____ the affected side.
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Away from
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Lens opacity
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Cataract
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The ___ _____ is caused by the reflection of the examination light off the inner retina.
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Red Reflex
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Dilated and fixed pupils
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Mydriasis
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Most common cause of blindness, loss of central vision
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Macular Degeneration
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Drooping of the upper eyelid
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Ptosis
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Inflammation of the eyelids
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Blepharitis
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Reduced near vision caused by loss of lens elasticity due to aging
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Presbyopia
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Increased ocular pressure
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Glaucoma
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"Pink eye"
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Conjunctivitis
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A wisp of cotton is used to test the reflex of this eye strcture
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Cornea
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Perception of two images of a single object
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Diplopia
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Mnemonic for recording normal responses to a pupillary examination
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PERRLA - pupils equal round react to light and accomodation
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Constricted and fixed pupils
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Miosis
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Most common cause of blindness, loss of central vision
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Macular Degeneration
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Drooping of the upper eyelid
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Ptosis
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Inflammation of the eyelids
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Blepharitis
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Reduced near vision caused by loss of lens elasticity due to aging
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Presbyopia
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Increased ocular pressure
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Glaucoma
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"Pink eye"
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Conjunctivitis
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A wisp of cotton is used to test the reflex of this eye strcture
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Cornea
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Perception of two images of a single object
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Diplopia
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Mnemonic for recording normal responses to a pupillary examination
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PERRLA - pupils equal round react to light and accomodation
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Constricted and fixed pupils
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Miosis
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Inability to tolerate light
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Photophobia
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Earwax
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Cerumen
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Ear pain
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Otalgia
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Sensorineural hearing loss that occurs with aging
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Presbycusis
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Portion of the ear that contains the sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing
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Inner ear
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Portion of the ear that contains the three tiny ear bones
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Middle Ear
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The three tiny ear bones
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Malleus, Incus, Stapes
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Which ear bone sits above the oval window?
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Stapes
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Ringing, crackling, or buzzing in the ears
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Tinnitus
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Also known as "swimmer's ear"
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Otitis Externa
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This test is normal when sound is heard twice as long by air conduction as by bone conduction
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Rinne Test
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Middle ear infection, common childhood illness
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Otitis Media
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This test is normal when sound is equally loud in both ears
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Weber
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Runny Nose
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Rhinorrhea
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Bloody nose
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Epistaxis
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Dry Mouth
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Xerostomia
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Chalky, white, thick, raised patch with well-defined borders
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Leukoplakia
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"Cold Sores"
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Herpes Simplex 1
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"Canker Sores"
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Aphthous Ulcers
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Smooth, pale gray nodules that are overgrowths of mucosa
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Polyps
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Grinding teeth, especially at night
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Bruxism
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Called thrush in a newborn
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Candidiasis
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Oral form of this lesion is most common early lesion seen in people with AIDS
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Kaposi's Sarcoma
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Cracking, erythema, and painful fissures at the corners of the mouth that occur with excess salivation
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Cheilitis
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Gum margins are red, swollen, and bleed easily, usually due to poor hygiene or vitamin C deficiency
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Gingivitis
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Painless enlargement of the gums, sometimes overreaching the teeth
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Gingival Hyperplasia
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Smooth, glossy tongue that occurs with pernicious anemia
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Atrophic Glossitis
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Fungal infection of the tongue
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Black, hairy tongue
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The facial bone that articulates at a joint instead of a suture
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Mandible
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Blood vessel that runs diagonally across the sternomastoid muscle
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External Jugular Vein
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Isthmus of the thyroid gland lies just below this.
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Cricoid Cartilage
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This type of headache may be precipitated by alcohol and daytime napping
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Cluster
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The symptom that is least likely to indicate a possible malignancy (in lymph nodes)
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Tenderness
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Providing resistance while the patient shrugs the shoulders is a test of the status of crainal nerve ____
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XI
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Upon examination, how should the fontanels feel?
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Firm, slightly concave, well defined
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What should you do if the thyroid gland is enlarged bilaterally?
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Listen for a bruit over the thyroid lobes
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Three characteristics of lymph nodes in the neck of a healthy person
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mobile, soft, nontender
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Subperiosteal hemorrhage is associated with ______
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Cephalhematoma
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What size are normal cervical lymph nodes?
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Smaller than 1 cm
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Type of headache that has throbbing, unilateral pain, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia
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Migraine
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Lymph node in front of the ear
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Preauricular
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Lymph node superficial to the mastoid process
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Posterior Auricular
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Lymph node at the base of the skull
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Occipital
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Lymph node behind the tip of the mandible
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Submental
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Lymph node halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible
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Submandibular
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Lymph node under the angle of the mandible
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Jugulodigastric
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Lymph node overlying the sternomastoid muscle
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Superficial Cervical
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Lymph node deep under the sternomastoid muscle
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Deep Cervical (Chain)
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Lymph node in the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle
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Posterior Cervical
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Lymph node above and behind the clavicle
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Supraclavicular
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Blowing, swooshing sound heard through the stethoscope over an area of abnormal blood flow
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Bruit
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Enlargement of the lymp nodes due to infection, allergy, or neoplasm
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Lymphadeopathy
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Abnormally small head
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Microcephaly
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Round, symmetric skull that is appropriately related to body size
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Normocephalic
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Head tile due to shortening or spasm of one sternomastoid muscle
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Torticollis (Wryneck)
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Adaptation of the eye for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens
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Accomodation
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Unequal pupil size
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Anisocoria
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Gray-white arc or circle around the limbus of the iris that is common with aging
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Arcus Senilis
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Pupil doesn't react to light, does constrict with accomodation
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Argyll Robertson pupil
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Refractive error of vision due to differences in curvature in refractive surfaces of the eye (cornea and lens)
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Astigmatism
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Crossing paths of an artery and vein in the ocular fundus
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A-V Crossing
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Loss of both temporal visual fields
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Bitemporal Hemianopsia
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Inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of the eyelids
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Blepharitis
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Opacity of the lens of the eye that develops slowly with aging and gradually obstructs vision
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Cataract
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Infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland, showing as a beady nodule on the eyelid (usually lower lid)
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Chalazion
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Infection of the conjunctiva
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Conjunctivitis
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Abnormal soft exudates visible as gray-white areas on the ocular fundus
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Cotton-wool area
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Ratio of the width of the physiologic cup to the width of the optic disc, normally half or less
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Cup-disc ratio
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Unit of strength of the lens settings on the ophthalmoscope that changes focus on the eye strctures
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Diopter
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Double vision
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Diplopia
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Benign deposits on the ocular fundus that show as round yellow dots and occur commonly with aging
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Drusen
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Lower eyelid loose and rolling outward
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Ectropion
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Lower eyelid rolling inward
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Entropion
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Protruding eyeballs
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Exophthalmos
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Area of keenest vision at the center of the macula on the ocular fundus
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Fovea (Fovea Centralis)
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Red, painful pustule that is a localized infection of hair follicle at eyelid margin
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Hordeolum (Stye)
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Abnormal white rim of sclera visible between upper eyelid and the iris when a person moves the eyes downward
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Lid Lag
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Round darker area of ocular fundus that mediates vision only from the central visual field
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Macula
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Abnormal finding of round red dots on the ocular funds that are localized dilations of small vessels
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Microaneurysm
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"Nearsighted", refractive error in which near vision is better than far vision
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Myopia
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Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball
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Nystagmus
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Right eye
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OD (oculus dexter)
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Pallor of the optic disc due to partial or complete death of optic nerve
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Optic atrophy
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Area of ocular fundus in which blod vessels exit and enter
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Optic Disc
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Left eye
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OS (oculus sinister)
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Stasis of blood flow of the ocular fundus; sign of increased intracranial pressure
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Papilledema
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Decrease in power of accomodation that occurs with aging
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Presbyopia
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Triangular opaque tissue on the nasal side of the conjunctiva that grows toward the center of the cornea
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Pterygium
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Drooping of upper eyelid over the iris and possibly covering pupil
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Ptosis
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Disparity of the eye axes, squint, crossed eye
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Strabismus
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Soft, raised yellow plaques occurring on teh skin at the corners of the eyes
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Xanthelasma
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The major neck muscles
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*Sternomastoid
*Trapezius |
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Characteristics of lymph nodes that are associated with acute infection
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*Bilateral
*Enlarged *Warm *Tender *Firm but freely moveable |
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Characteristics of lymph nodes that are associated with chronic inflammation
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*Clumped
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Illness that is associated with chronic inflammation of the lymph nodes
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Tuberculosis
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Characteristics of lymph nodes that are associated with cancer
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*Hard
*Unilateral *Nontender *Fixed |
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Characteristics of lymph nodes that are associated with HIV
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*Enlarged
*Firm *Nontender *Mobile |
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What lymph nodes commonly enlarge with HIV?
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Occipital
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What node would indicate neoplasm in thorax or abdomen if single, enlarged, nontender, and hard?
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Left Supraclavicular Node (Virchow's Node)
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What are the characteristics of lymph nodes that are associated with Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
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*Painless
*Rubbery *Discrete *Appear gradually |
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What conditions are associated with parotid gland enlargement?
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*Mumps
*Blocked duct *Abscess *Tumor *AIDS |
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What can cause Stensen Duct Obstruction in aging adults?
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Dehydration from diuretics or anticholinergics
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List all 6 extraocular muscles and the cranial nerves they are innervated by:
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Cranial Nerve III: Superior Rectus, Medial Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique
Cranial Nerve IV: Superior Oblique Cranian Nerve VI: Lateral Rectus |
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Which extraocular muscles are innervated by cranial nerve III?
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Superior, Medial, and Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique
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What cranial nerve innervates the Lateral Rectus Muscle?
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Cranial Nerve VI
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What cranial nerve innervates the Superior Oblique Muscle?
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Cranial Nerve IV
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What are the three concentric coats of the eyeball? (from outside to inside)
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*Sclera
*Choroid *Retina |
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How does an image formed on the retina compare with its actual appearance in the outside world?
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It's upside-down and reversed
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Describe the method for testing presbyopia
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Jaeger card to test for near vision, hold card 14 inches away, normal vision is 14/14
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When testing for accomodation, you would expect pupils to ____ and the axes of the eyes to _____.
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Constrict, Converge
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Of Pinguecula and Pterygium, which is normal and which is abnormal?
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Pinguecula is normal
Pterygium is abnormal |
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The open space between the eyelids
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Palpebral Fissure
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Which cranial nerves mediate the corneal reflex?
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V, VII
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Which retinal structures can be viewed through the ophthalmoscope?
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*Optic Disc
*Retinal Vessels *General Background *Macula |
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Simultaneous constriction of the other pupil when one eye is exposed to bright light
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Positive Consensual Light Reflex
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The thickening and yellowing of the lens that happens with aging
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Senile Cataract
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A symptom that may constitute an eye emergency
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Sudden Onset of Vision Change (refer patient immediately)
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What test is used to assess visual acuity?
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Snellen Eye Chart
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What does the cover test assess for?
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Muscle Weakness
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The six muscles that control eye movement are innervated by which cranial nerves?
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III, IV, VI
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What characteristics is conjunctivitis always associated with?
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Reddened conjunctiva
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Confrontation test: which angle would you expect a person with normal vision to see your moving finger temporally?
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90 Degrees
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Confrontation test: which angle would you expect a person with normal vision to see your moving finger from above?
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50 Degrees
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Confrontation test: which angle would you expect a person with normal vision to see your moving finger From below?
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70 Degrees
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Confrontation test: which angle would you expect a person with normal vision to see your moving finger nasally?
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60 Degrees
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A person is known to be blind in the left eye. What happens to the pupils when the right eye is illuminated by a penlight beam?
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Both pupils constrict
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An interruption in the red reflex occurs when?
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There is an opacity in the cornea or lens
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Outer fibrous rim encircling the eardrum
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Annulus
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Congenital absence or closure of ear canal
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Atresia
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Yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects th ear canal
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Cerumen
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Inner ear structure containing the central hearing apparatus
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Cochlea
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Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows passage of air
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Eustachian Tube
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Superior, posterior free rim of the pinna
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Helix
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"Anvil", middle of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear
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Incus
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"Hammer", first of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear
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Malleus
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Bony prominence of the skull located just behind the ear
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Mastoid
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Sensory organ of hearing
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Organ of Corti
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Inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal
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Otitis Externa
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Inflammation of the middle ear and tympanic membrane
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Otitis Media
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Discharge from the ear
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Otorrhea
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Small, slack, superior section of tympanic membrane
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Pars Flaccida
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Thick, taut, central/inferior section of tympanic membrane
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Pars Tensa
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Auricle, or outer ear
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Pinna
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"Stirrup", inner of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear
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Stapes
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Eardrum
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Tympanic Membrane
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Thin, translucent, oval membrane that stretches across the ear canal and separates the middle ear from the outer ear
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Tympanic Membrane
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Knof the the malleus that shows through the tympanic membrane
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Umbo
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Spinning, twirling sensation
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Vertigo
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Number of cranial bones
Number of facial bones |
8
14 |
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What nerve controls facial expressions?
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VII
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What nerve controls pain, pressure/sensation in the face?
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V (Trigeminal)
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Three functions of the middle ear
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1. Conducts sound vibrations from outer ear to central hearing apparatus in inner ear
2. Protects inner ear by reducing amplitude of loud sounds 3. Eustachian tube allows equalization of air pressure on each side of tympanic membrane (to prevent rupture) |
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Air conduction is heard ____ as long as bone conduction in a person with normal hearing.
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twice
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Three types of hearing loss
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*Conductive - mechanical dysfunction of external or middle ear
*Sensorineural (perceptive) - pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or auditory areas of cerebral cortex *Mixed - combo of conductive and sensorineural in the same ear |
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Why are infants at a greater risk for middle ear infections than adults?
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Eustachian tube is horizontal in infants whereas eustachian tube in adults is sloped
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How would you orient the ear lobe in a child vs an adult?
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Child: Pull down
Adult: Pull up and back |
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The color of a normal membrane on the tympanic membrane is ____
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Pearly Gray
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Gradual nerve degeneration would be related to which type of hearing loss?
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Sensorineural
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Which parts of the ear should be palpated for tenderness before using the otoscope?
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Pinna, Tragus, Mastoid Process
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The eardrum should ____ while the patient holds the nose and swallows
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flutter
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Which test would be used to differentiate between air conduction and bone conduction?
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Rinne Test
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Congenital, painless nodule at the helix
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Darwin's Tubercle
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How should a patient's head be oriented while the ear is being examined with an otoscope?
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Tilted away from the examiner
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Where are the hearing receptors located?
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Cochlea
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Where would pathology be located that causes the sensation of vertigo?
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Semicircular Canals
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Impacted cerumen is a common cause of what type of hearing loss?
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Conductive
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What condition would be suspected when there is absent light reflex, reddened and bulging ear drum?
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Infection of Acute Purulent Otitis Media
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A young adult woman's tympanic membrane is yellow in color. Why?
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Serum in Middle Ear
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Eliminating smoking in the house and car would reduce the risk for what condition?
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Acute Otitis Media
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Small, painful, round ulcers in the oral mucosa of unknown cause
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Aphthous Ulcers
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Pertaining to the cheek
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Buccal
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White, cheesy, curdlike patch on buccal mucosa and tongue due to superficial fungal infection, Moniliasis
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Candidiasis
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Decay in the teeth
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Caries
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Indentations on surface of tonsils
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Crypts
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Closure of nasal cavity due to congenital septum between nasal cavity and pharynx
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Choanal Atresia
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Nosebleed, usually from anterior septum
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Epistaxis
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Nontender, fibrous nodule of the gum
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Epulis
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Small, isolated, white or yellow papules on oral mucosa
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Fordyce's Granules
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Clear vesicles with red base that evolve into pustules, usually at lip-skin junction
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Herpes Simplex
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Small, blue-white spots with red halo over oral mucosa; early sign of measles
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Koplik's Spots
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Upper or lower dental arches out of alignment
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Malocclusion
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Rough bumpy elevation on dorsal surface of tongue
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Papillae
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Pair of salivaryglands in the cheeks in front of the ears
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Parotid Glands
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Inflammation of the throat
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Pharyngitis
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Soft whitish debris on teeth
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Plaque
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Smooth, pale gray nodules in nasal cavity due to chronic allergic rhinitis
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Polyp
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Red swollen inflammation of nasal mucosa
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Rhinitis
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Oral candidiasis in the newborn
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Thrush
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One of 3 bony projections into nasal cavity
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Turbinates
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Free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate
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Uvula
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Most common site of nosebleeds
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Kiesselbach's Plexus
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Sinuses that are assessible to examination
|
Frontal, Maxillary
|
|
|
The midline fold of tissue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth
|
Frenulum
|
|
|
Where is the largest salivary gland located?
|
Within the cheeks in front of the ear (the parotid gland)
|
|
|
A 70 yr old woman complains of dry mouth. The most frequent case of the problem is:
|
Related to medications she may be taking
|
|
|
The findings of transillumination in a healthy individual would be:
|
A diffuse red glow
|
|
|
What should be done if a deviated septum is noted during an inspection of the nares?
|
Document the deviation in the medical record in case the person needs to be suctioned
|
|
|
Where are oral malignancies most likely to develop?
|
Under the tongue
|
|
|
If tonsils are graded at 3+, they would be ______.
|
Touching the uvula
|
|
|
The function of the nasal turbinates is to:
|
Warm the inhaled air
|
|
|
Where is the opening of an adult's parotid gland (Stensen's Duct)?
|
Opposite the upper 2nd molar
|
|
|
True or false: A nasal polyp is highly vascular.
|
FALSE!
|
|
|
This suture crowns the head from ear to ear at the union of the frontal and parietal bones
|
Coronal
|
|
|
This suture separates the head lengthwise between the two parietal bones
|
Sagittal
|
|
|
This suture separates the parietal bones crosswise from the occipital bone
|
Lambdoid
|
|
|
Which vertebra support the cranium?
|
C1 (atlas), C2 (axis) all the way to C7
C7 has a long spinous process that is palpable when head is flexed (vertebra prominens) |
|
|
The facial expressions are formed by facial muscles that are mediated by which cranial nerve?
|
VII (Facial Nerve)
|
|
|
What are the 8 cranial bones?
|
1 x Ethmoid Bone
1 x Frontal Bone 1 x Occipital Bone 2 x Parietal Bones 1 x Sphenoid Bone 2 x Temporal Bones |
|
|
What happens to the thyroid gland during pregnancy?
|
Enlarges slightly as a result of hyperplasia of the tissue and increased vascularity
|
|
|
Frequency and duration of migraines
|
Occur about two per month each lasting 1 to 3 days
|
|
|
Frequency and duration of cluster headaches
|
One to two occur per day each lasting 1/2 to 2 hours for 1 or 2 months (then complete remission may last for months or years)
|
|
|
What activities/situations precipitate cluster headaches?
|
*Alcohol ingestion
*Daytime napping |
|
|
What activities/situations precipitate migraine headaches?
|
*Alcohol
*Letdown after stress *Menstruation *Eating chocolate or cheese |
|
|
Nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances are characteristics of which type of headache?
|
Migraines
|
|
|
Eye reddening, tearing, eyelid drooping, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion are associated with what type of headache?
|
Cluster headaches
|
|
|
Anxiety and stress are associated with what type of headache?
|
Tension headaches
|
|
|
What are some illnesses that can produce headaches?
|
*Hypertension
*Fever *Hypothyroidism *Vasculitis |
|
|
What medications are associated with headaches?
|
*Oral contraceptives
*Bronchodilators *Alcohol *Nitrates *Carbon Monoxide inhalation |
|
|
Acute onset of stiffness with headache and fever occurs with what condition?
|
Meningeal inflammation (meningitis)
|
|
|
What does tenderness suggest (when evaluating lumps or swelling in the neck)?
|
Acute Infection
|
|
|
What order should you palpate the lymph nodes?
|
1. Preauricular
2. Posterior Auricular 3. Occipital 4. Submental 5. Submandibular 6. Jugulodigastric 7. Superficial Cervical 8. Deep Cervical Chain 9. Posterior Cervical 10. Supraclavicular |
|
|
When palpating the deep cervical chain, how should you orient the head? Why?
|
Tip pt's head toward side being examined to relax the ipsilateral muscle
|
|
|
During the second trimester of pregnancy, this may show up on the face. Blotchy, hyperpigmented area over the cheeks and forehead that fades after delivery.
|
Chloasma
|
|
|
Mild rhythmic tremor of the head, benign, include head nodding and tongue protrusion, may be normal
|
Senile Tremors
|
|
|
Localized bone disease of unknown etiology that softens, thickens, and deforms bone
|
Paget's Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans)
|
|
|
Characteristics of Paget's Disease
|
*Bowed Long Bones
*Sudden Fractures *Frontal Bossing *Enlarging skull bones that form an acorn-shaped cranium |
|
|
Excessive secretion of growth hormone from pituitary after puberty, enlarged skull, thickened cranial bones
|
Acromegaly
|
|
|
Smooth, firm, fluctuant swelling on the scalp, tense pressure of contents causes overlying skin to be shiny and taut, benign
|
Pilar Cyst (Wen)
|
|
|
Deficiency of NT dopamine and degeneration of basal ganglia in brain. Immobility of features (flat affect, "masklike", elevated eyebrows, staring gaze, oily skin, drooling)
|
Parkinson's Syndrome
|
|
|
Excessive secretion of corticotropin hormone (ACTH) and chronic steroid use, develops rounded "moonlike" face, prominent jowls, red cheeks, hirsutism on uper lip, lower cheeks, chin, acneiform rash on chest
|
Cushing's Syndrome
|
|
|
Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
|
Graves' Disease
|
|
|
Goiter, Exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs), nervousness, fatigue, weight loss, muscle cramps, heat intolerance
|
Hyperthyroidism
|
|
|
Caused by deficiency in thyroid hormone, puffy edematous face (esp around eyes), dry skin, dry hair
|
Myxedema (Hypothyroidism)
|
|
|
Lower motor neuron lesion (peripheral) producing cranial nerve VII paralysis, almost always unilateral
|
Bell's Palsy (Right Side)
|
|
|
Upper motor neuron lesion (central) caused by obstruction or rupture of cerebral vessel. Upper half of face not affected.
|
CVA/Brain Attack/Stroke
|
|
|
"Hard skin", hard, shiny skin, thin, pursed lips, absent skinfolds, absence of expression
|
Scleroderma
|
|
|
Presence of narrowed palpebral fissures in non-Asian individuals may be diagnostic of what serious congenital anomaly?
|
Down's Syndrome
|
|
|
Individuals with light retinas generally have what two qualities?
|
*Better Night Vision
*Pain in environment with too much light |
|
|
Primary open-angle glaucoma in blacks vs whites
|
Blacks: 3-6 times more often, 6 times more likely to cause blindness
|
|
|
Leading causes of blindness in white, black, Hispanic
|
White: Age-related Macular Degeneration, Cataracts
Black: Cataracts, Open-Angle Glaucoma Hispanic: Open-Angle Glaucoma |
|
|
Type of floaters seen with retinal detachment
|
"Shade" or "Cobwebs", acute onset
|
|
|
True or False: Floaters are common with myopia or after middle age.
|
True!
|
|
|
Halos around lights occur with what type of glaucoma?
|
Acute Narrow-Angle Glaucoma
|
|
|
Blind spot in the visual field surrounded by an area of normal to decreased vision
|
Scotoma
|
|
|
Tearing (normal amount)
|
Lacrimation
|
|
|
Excessive Tearing
|
Epiphora
|
|
|
What the numerator and denominator mean in terms of vision
|
Numerator: Distance a person is standing from the chart
Denominator: Distance at which a normal eye could have read a particular line |
|
|
Test used for near vision
|
Jaeger Card, hold 14 inches from the eye, normal vision is 14/14
|
|
|
Mild weakness in eye muscle noted only when fusion is blocked
|
Phoria
|
|
|
Constant misalignment of the eyes, more severe than phoria
|
Tropia
|
|
|
Protruding eyes
|
Exophthalmos
|
|
|
Sunken eyes
|
Enophthalmos
|
|
|
Even yellowing of sclera extending up to the cornea indicating jaundice
|
Scleral Icterus
|
|
|
On the ophthalmoscope, use the positive numbers for _____ and the negative numbers for ______
|
Farsightedness, Nearsightedness
|
|
|
Epicanthal folds give a false appearance of malalignment yet the corneal light reflex is normal
|
Pseudostrabismus
|
|
|
Lower lid dropping away
|
Ectropion
|
|
|
Lower lid turning in
|
Entropion
|
|
|
Yellowish elevated nodules due to a thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva from prolonged exposure to sund, wind, dust, normal
|
Pingueculae
|
|
|
Opacity on the bulbar conjunctiva that grows over cornea, abnormal!
|
Pterygium
|
|
|
Narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and midfacial hypoplasia is characteristic of:
|
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
|
|
|
Kyphosis of the spine is common with aging. To compensate, older adults will:
|
Extend head and jaws forward
|
|
|
A slight protrusion of the eyeballs may be noted when examining individuals who come from which ethnic/cultural group?
|
African American
|
|
|
The location in the brain where optic nerve fibers from the temporal fields of vision cross over is identified as the:
|
Optic Chiasm
|
|
|
True or False: The lens of the eye functions as a refracting medium.
|
TRUE
|
|
|
Small brown macules on the sclera would be normal in which group of people?
|
African American
|
|
|
Normal color of the optic disc:
|
creamy yellow-orange to pink.
|
|
|
A unilateral small regular pupil that reacts to light and accommodation
|
Horner's Syndrome
|
|
|
What is responsible for identification and location of the direction of the sound
|
Binaural interaction at the level of the brain stem
|
|
|
When an otoscope examination is performed on an elderly client, the tympanic membrane may be observed to be:
|
Whiter than expected
|
|
|
What is the limitation of the hearing tests we learned about?
|
They are able to document the presence of a hearing loss but not the degree of loss
|
|
|
The Weber test is generally performed on an individual who complains of:
|
Hearing better in one ear than the other
|
|
|
The position of the tympanic membrane in the infant is more _____, making it more difficult to visualize with the otoscope.
|
Horizontal
|
|
|
Inspection of the nasal mucosa of an individual with rhinitis would demonstrate mucosa that is:
|
Bright red and swollen
|
|
|
A fine tremor of the tongue when it is sticking out accompanies which condition?
|
Hyperthyroidism
|
|
|
Bifid uvula is normal in:
|
American Indians
|
|
|
Which pair of sinuses is absent at birth, is fairly well developed between 7 and 8 years of age, and is fully developed after puberty?
|
Frontal
|
|
|
Inward turn of the eye
|
Esotropia
|
|
|
Outward turn of the eye
|
Exotropia
|
|
|
Nasal (inward) drift of the eye
|
Esophoria
|
|
|
Temporal (outward) drift of the eye
|
Exophoria
|
|
|
Deep dull red halo around iris and cornea
|
Iritis (Circumcorneal Redness)
|
|
|
Gradual hardening that causes foot plate of stapes to become fixed in oval window impeding transmission fo sound and causing progressive deafness, common cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults 20-40 yrs old
|
Otosclerosis
|
|
|
Inward turn of the eye
|
Esotropia
|
|
|
Cultures with higher incidence and severity of otitis media
|
American Indians, Alaskan and Canadian Inuits, Hispanics
|
|
|
Outward turn of the eye
|
Exotropia
|
|
|
Two types of cerumen
|
1. Dry cerumen, gray, flaky, frequently forms thin mass in ear canal - Asians and American Indians
2. Wet cerumen, honey brown to dark brown, moist, Whites |
|
|
Nasal (inward) drift of the eye
|
Esophoria
|
|
|
Dirty yellow/gray discharge from ear, foul odor
|
Cholesteatoma
|
|
|
Temporal (outward) drift of the eye
|
Exophoria
|
|
|
Inward turn of the eye
|
Esotropia
|
|
|
Purulent, sangineous, or watery discharge from ear
|
External Otitis
|
|
|
Deep dull red halo around iris and cornea
|
Iritis (Circumcorneal Redness)
|
|
|
Outward turn of the eye
|
Exotropia
|
|
|
Nasal (inward) drift of the eye
|
Esophoria
|
|
|
Gradual hardening that causes foot plate of stapes to become fixed in oval window impeding transmission fo sound and causing progressive deafness, common cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults 20-40 yrs old
|
Otosclerosis
|
|
|
Temporal (outward) drift of the eye
|
Exophoria
|
|
|
Cultures with higher incidence and severity of otitis media
|
American Indians, Alaskan and Canadian Inuits, Hispanics
|
|
|
Two types of cerumen
|
1. Dry cerumen, gray, flaky, frequently forms thin mass in ear canal - Asians and American Indians
2. Wet cerumen, honey brown to dark brown, moist, Whites |
|
|
Deep dull red halo around iris and cornea
|
Iritis (Circumcorneal Redness)
|
|
|
Dirty yellow/gray disrcharge from ear, foul odor
|
Cholesteatoma
|
|
|
Gradual hardening that causes foot plate of stapes to become fixed in oval window impeding transmission fo sound and causing progressive deafness, common cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults 20-40 yrs old
|
Otosclerosis
|
|
|
Purulent, sangineous, or watery discharge from ear
|
External Otitis
|
|
|
Cultures with higher incidence and severity of otitis media
|
American Indians, Alaskan and Canadian Inuits, Hispanics
|
|
|
Two types of cerumen
|
1. Dry cerumen, gray, flaky, frequently forms thin mass in ear canal - Asians and American Indians
2. Wet cerumen, honey brown to dark brown, moist, Whites |
|
|
Dirty yellow/gray disrcharge from ear, foul odor
|
Cholesteatoma
|
|
|
Purulent, sangineous, or watery discharge from ear
|
External Otitis
|
|
|
What type of otorrhea would you get with acute otitis media with perforation?
|
Purulent
|
|
|
Ears smaller than 4 cm vertically
|
Microtia
|
|
|
Ears larger than 10 cm vertically
|
Macrotia
|
|
|
Absence or closure of the ear canal
|
Atresia
|
|
|
Common cause of conductive hearing loss
|
Impacted cerumen
|
|
|
Yellow-amber drum color occurs with:
|
Otitis Media with Effusion (Serous)
|
|
|
Red color of tympanic membrane occurs with:
|
Acute Otitis Media
|
|
|
Air/Fluid level or air bubbles behind drum indicate:
|
Otitis Media with Effusion
|
|
|
What should the eardrum do during the Valsalva maneuver or when pt holds nose and swallows (insufflation)?
|
Flutter
|
|
|
Small, whitish-yellow, hard, nontender nodules in or near helix or antihelix; contain greasy, chalky material of uric acid crystals, sign of gout
|
Tophi
|
|
|
Overgrowth of scar tissue which invades original site of trauma, more common in dark-skinned people although it also occurs in whtes
|
Keloid
|
|
|
Exquisitely painful, red, infected hair follicle, often accompanied by regional lymphadenopathy
|
Furuncle
|
|
|
Weber test: what happens with conductive and sensorineural loss?
|
Conductive: Sound lateralizes to poorer ear
Sensorineural: Sound lateralizes to better/unaffected ear |
|
|
Rinne test: what happens with conductive and sensorineural loss?
|
Conductive: bone is heard as long or longer than air
Sensorineural: normal ratio intact but is reduced overall. Person hears poorly both ways. |
|
|
Number of teeth: Adults, Children
|
Adults: 32 teeth
Children: 20 teeth (deciduous/temporary) |
|
|
Cleft lip and palate are most common in:
|
Asians and Native Americans (least common in blacks)
|
|
|
Torus palatinus more common in:
|
Native Americans, Inuits, Asians
|
|
|
Leukoedema (grayish-white benign lesion on buccal mucosa) most common in:
|
Blacks (68-90%), only 43% whites
|
|
|
Oral hyperpigmentation most common in:
|
Blacks
|
|
|
Groups whose babies are more likely born with teeth:
|
Tlingit Indians, Canadian Inuits
|
|
|
Size of teeth (smallest to largest)
|
Whites, Blacks, Asians, Native Americans, Inuits and Australian aborigines
|
|
|
Who has more tooth decay - whites or blacks?
|
Whites (blacks have harder and denser tooth enamel)
|
|
|
Poorest oral health:
|
Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, Alaska Natives
|
|
|
Seasonal rhinitis is due to ______, Perennial rhinitis is due to ______.
|
Pollen
Dust |
|
|
Tonsil Grading
|
1+ Visible
2+ Halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula 3+ Touching uvula 4+ Touching each other 1+ or 2+ normal in healthy people |
|
|
Small blue-white spots w/irregular red halo scattered over mucosa opposite molars. Early sign and pathognmonic of measles
|
Koplik's Spots
|
|
|
Tongue-Tie, short lingual frenulum
|
Ankyloglossia
|
|
|
Tonsil Grading
|
1+ Visible
2+ Halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula 3+ Touching uvula 4+ Touching each other 1+ or 2+ normal in healthy people |
|
|
Small blue-white spots w/irregular red halo scattered over mucosa opposite molars. Early sign and pathognmonic of measles
|
Koplik's Spots
|
|
|
Tongue-Tie, short lingual frenulum
|
Ankyloglossia
|
|
|
What cranial nerve is tested when patient says "ahhh"?
|
X Vagus Nerve
|
|
|
What cranial nerves are tested when the gag reflex is elicited?
|
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus |
|
|
What cranial nerve is being tested when pt sticks out the tongue?
|
XII Hypoglossal Nerve
|
