Health Assessment Ch 19

Front 1

Chest pain that occurs when the heart's vascular supply cannot keep up w/metabolic demand

Back 1

angina

Front 2

Ventricular gallop, a pathological heart sound that occurs w/ heart failure

Back 2

S3

Front 3

Atrial gallop, a pathological heart sound that occurs w/coronary artery disease

Back 3

S4

Front 4

Inflammation of the precordium causes this sound, which is high pitched and scratchy

Back 4

pericardial friction rub

Front 5

Regurgitation through this heart valve results in left ventricular hypertrophy

Back 5

mitral (bicuspid) valve

Front 6

This sound is caused by mitral valve prolapse

Back 6

midsystolic click

Front 7

This sound is caused by turbulent blood flow, yet is common in normal children

Back 7

venous hum

Front 8

A rare anomaly in which the heart is located on the right side of the chest

Back 8

dextrocardia

Front 9

The heart sound that occurs at the beginning of systole and is caused by the closure of the AV valves

Back 9

S1

Front 10

A gentle, blowing, swooshing sound that can be heard on the chest wall

Back 10

murmur

Front 11

A palpable vibration that feels like the throat of a purring cat and signifies turbulent blood flow

Back 11

thrill

Front 12

These vessels reflect filling pressure and volume changes of the right side of the heart

Back 12

jugular veins

Front 13

A congenital heart defect that has four components

Back 13

Tetralogy of Fallot

Front 14

Abnormal opening in the septum between the ventricles

Back 14

ventricular septal defect

Front 15

A persistence of the channel that joins the left pulmonary artery to the aorta. This is normal in the fetus and normally closes w/in hours of birth

Back 15

patent ductus arteriosus

Front 16

Acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply

Back 16

angina pectoris

Front 17

Also known as aortic insufficiency

Back 17

aortic regurgitation

Front 18

Incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole

Back 18

aortic regurgitation

Front 19

Calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

Back 19

aortic stenosis

Front 20

The left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta

Back 20

aortic valve

Front 21

Tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space

Back 21

apex

Front 22

Also known as the point of maximal impulse (PMI)

Back 22

apical impulse

Front 23

Pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole

Back 23

apical impulse

Front 24

Where is the apical impulse?

Back 24

normally at the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line

Front 25

Broader area of the heart's outline

Back 25

base of the heart

Front 26

Where is the base of the heart?

Back 26

3rd right and left intercostal space

Front 27

Cup-shaped endpiece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds

Back 27

bell

Front 28

Slow heart rate, <50 beats per minute (adult)

Back 28

bradycardia

Front 29

Bulbous enlargement of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs w/chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions

Back 29

clubbing

Front 30

Severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congenital heart defect

Back 30

coarctation of aorta

Front 31

Right ventriclular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertention

Back 31

cor pulmonale

Front 32

Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

Back 32

cyanosis

Front 33

Flat endpiece used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds

Back 33

diaphragm

Front 34

The heart's filling phase

Back 34

diastole

Front 35

Difficult, labored breathing

Back 35

dyspnea

Front 36

Swelling of legs or dependent body part due to increased interstitital fluid

Back 36

edema

Front 37

Traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space

Back 37

Erb's point

Front 38

Occurs w/closure of the AV valves signaling the beginning of systole

Back 38

S1

Front 39

Also known as atrial gallop

Back 39

S4

Front 40

Very soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in late diastole

Back 40

S4

Front 41

The addition of a 3rd or 4th heart sound makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse

Back 41

gallop rhythm

Front 42

Technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds

Back 42

inching

Front 43

Increase in thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction (ex. aortic stenosis)

Back 43

left ventricular hypertrophy

Front 44

Imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemithorax

Back 44

midclavicular line

Front 45

Also known as mitral insufficiency

Back 45

mitral regurgitation

Front 46

Incompetent mitral valve allows backflow of blood into the left atrium during systole

Back 46

mitral regurgitation

Front 47

Calcified mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood intro left ventricle during diastole

Back 47

mitral stenosis

Front 48

Left AV valve separating the left atria and ventricle

Back 48

mitral/bicuspid valve

Front 49

Uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate

Back 49

palpitation

Front 50

Opposite of a normal split S2 so that the split is heard in expiration, and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound

Back 50

paradoxical splitting

Front 51

High-pitched scratchy extracardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed

Back 51

pericardial friction rub

Front 52

Normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration

Back 52

physiologic splitting

Front 53

Area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels

Back 53

precordium

Front 54

Backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into the right ventricle

Back 54

pulmonic regurgitation

Front 55

Calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

Back 55

pulmonic stenosis

Front 56

Right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Back 56

pulmonic valve

Front 57

Occurs w/closure of the semilunar valves, and signals the end of systole

Back 57

S2

Front 58

Abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present

Back 58

summation gallop

Front 59

Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow caused by ventricular systole, pronounced bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation

Back 59

syncope

Front 60

The heart's pumping phase

Back 60

systole

Front 61

Rapid heart rate, >100 beats per minute (adult)

Back 61

tachycardia

Front 62

Soft, low-pitched, ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole and may be an early sign of heart failure

Back 62

S3

Front 63

Palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur

Back 63

thrill

Front 64

Right AV valve separating the right atria and ventricle

Back 64

tricuspid valve

Front 65

The first sound signals what?

Back 65

closure of the AV valves

Front 66

S1 coincides with which pulse?

Back 66

the carotid artery pulse

Front 67

What happens to cardiac volume and blood pressure in a pregnant female?

Back 67

increase in cardiac volume
decrease in blood pressure

Front 68

Which of the following is an appropriate position to have the patient assume when auscultating the heart sounds?

Back 68

roll toward the left side

Front 69

The leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves are anchored by __________________ to the _________________, which are embedded in the ventricular floor.

Back 69

chordae tendineae
papillary muscles

Front 70

What happens to the heart rate and stroke volume in a pregnant female?

Back 70

both increase

Front 71

The ability of the heart to contract independently of any signals or stimulation is due to which characteristic?

Back 71

automaticity

Front 72

The unique characteristic of the heart is its ability to independently contract and pump blood, which is identified as:

Back 72

automaticity

Front 73

When auscultating the heart of a newborn, you hear a continuous sound that mimics the sound of a machine. On the basis of your knowledge of newborn cardiac physiology, you know that this:

Back 73

is an expected sound caused by nonclosure of the ductus arteriosus.

Front 74

The jugular venous pressure is an indirect reflection of the:

Back 74

the heart's efficiency as a pump

Front 75

The semilunar valves separate the:

Back 75

ventricles from the arteries