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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is most breast cancer is found?
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tail of spence- upper outer quadrant
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What are the stages of sexual maturity in girls?
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Stage 1: preadolescent
Stage 2: breast bud stage Stage 3: breast, areola enlarge Stage 4: Areola niple form 2nd mound Stage 5: Mature breast |
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What are the quadrants of the breast?
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Right upper inner/outer
Left lower inner/outer axillary tail of spence |
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What is Benign breast disease?
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Fibrocystic changes,painful around 7 to 14 days before perioid
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scotoma
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blind spot in the visual field
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Eye pain?
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Sudden onset is a medical emergency
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photophobia
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inability to tolerate light
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diplopia
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perception of two images
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lacrimtion
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tearing
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epiphoria
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excessive tearing
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glaucoma
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increased occular pressure
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strabismus
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cross-eyed, deviation in teh anterior portion axis of the eye
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OD, OS, OU
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right eye,left eye, both eyes
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20/20 definition
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You can see at 20t what te normal eye could see at 20 ft.
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Myopia
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Near sighted, red number, concave lens
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Hyperpia
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far sighted, black number, convex lens
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presbyopia
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decrease in the power of accomidation with aging
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Normal for near sighted vision
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14/14
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periphial field loss
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person unable to see abject as the examiner does in periphial field test
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Hirshberg test
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test the parallel alignment of the eyes, shne light on forehead
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Cover test
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small degrees of deviation alignment by nteruptting the fusion reflex
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phoria
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mild weakness in the eyes, noted when fusion is blocked
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tropia
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constant malaligment of the eyes
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Diagnostic position test
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lead eyes through six cardinal positions of gaze and look for muscle weakness
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Faliure of eyes to follow in the diagnostic postiton test indicates what?
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weak EOM or dysfuctional cranial nerve
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hordeolum
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stye
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Arcus Senilus
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gray ring around eyes
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Chlidren Eye considerations
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Allen test- 15 ft distance
Snellen E- 3-6 yrs strabismus-corrected at 5yrs |
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Aging Adults
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preysbiopia, Arcus Senilus, decreased accomidation
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pingueculae
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yellowish elevated nodules on sclera
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Ectropin
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lower lid rolls out and is loose
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Lid lag
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occurs with hyperthuroidism
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Nystagmus
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fine oscilating movement sween around the pupil
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ptosis
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droopig of uppr lid
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exophthalmus
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protruding eyes
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endophthalmus
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sunken eyes
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scleral icterus
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even yellowing of the sclera extending up to the cornea
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Corneal Abrasion
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causes irregular ridges in reflected light, producing a shattered look to light rays
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Uneqal sized pupils
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calls for consideration of CNS injury
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PERRLA
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pupils, equal, roud, react to light annd accomidation
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First thing to look for while viewing the fundus
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red reflex
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While viewing the fundus looks opaque blackagainst red reflex
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cataracts
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earache
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otalgia
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infection
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otorrhea
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tinnitus
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ringing in ears
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vertigo
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dizziness, objective- room spins, subjective- you spin
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hearing loss
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cranial nerve 8 or conduction obstruction
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otitis externa
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outer ear awollen pinna is painful
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labyririthis
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inner ear coordination/ balance, inflammed and increased fluid
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tophi
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uric acid deposits in ear, pt ay have gout
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prebycussis
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deteriorting hearing due to aging, nerve damage overtime
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decreased set ears
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mental retardation
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cholesteatoma
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dirty yellow/gray discharge with foul odor
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whisper test
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occulde partners ear whipering phrase in other ear. 12 inches away
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Rhine test
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conduction of sound throughair and bone. BC>AC= hearing loss
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Otoscope
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Adult- back and down
Child straight down |
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Artresia
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absence/closure of ear canal
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tympanic membrane
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pearly gray
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perforated membrane
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hole, very visible landmarks
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ear tube
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white patches, scarring on membrane
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Cardiac risk factors
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elevated cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, sedentary lifestle, family history
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What is the biggest skil when assesing the heart?
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Auscultation
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Examine neck veins
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Count pulse one at a time, auscultate with bell and listen for bruit, whooshing is abnormal
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If venous pressure is increased what do you do?
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perform heptojugular reflex
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Where is the apical pulse located
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5th ICS, mid clavicular
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What is a heave/lift?
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jumping pulse
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Where is the point of maximal impulse?
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5th ICS mid clavicular
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What is S1 and S2?
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S1 is lubb, S2 is dub?
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When ausucltating the valves which part of stethoscope do you use?
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diaphragm
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What are the four valves to listen for?
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aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, mitral
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What do you use to listen for heart sounds?
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diaphragm
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Where is S1 heard best?
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apex, 5th ICS MCL
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Where is S2 heard best?
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base, top at 2nd intercostal space
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What do you use to listen to abnormal heart sounds?
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Use bell
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When and where are extra heart sounds heard
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ventricule filling and resistance to filling heard at apex, and clicks at aortic base and apex, pulmonic base and apex
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Mitral valve prolapse
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heard at 5th ICS MCL mostly in women
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What do you record about heart murmurs
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loudness, timing, location
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Aclaudation
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pain when walking
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Swelling and edema
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left sided heart failure
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Homan's sign
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pain in calf when dorsi flex foot, suggest perphial vascular disease
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