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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stages in Evolution of Health and Safety
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No Formal Interest
Reactive and Responsive Preventative |
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No Formal Interest
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no industry consistency
minimal efforts no formal compensation |
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Reactive and Responsive
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The Factory Acts 1940-50
Prescriptive Industry reacts minimum necessary compliance incident based |
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Preventative
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Lord Robenn around 1960 introduced Health and Safety at Work Act
employers must provide personal protective equipment (PPE), safe workplace, safe access, safe equipment, safety training risk assessment process based goal setting |
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2 main reasons for accidents in the work place
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1) Management Failure
2)Human Error (Behavioural H&S) there is also pure accident but very rare |
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3 Main Reasons for Health and Safety
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1) Moral
2) Legal - civil and criminal breaches of H&S result in large fines not covered by insurance also for things like manslaughter and other serious incidents could go to jail 3) Financial and Economic - damage and repair costs, loss of production, administrative costs, liability costs |
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*Cause of most fatalities in the work place
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struck by moving object
falls from height trapped by collapsing structure electrocution assault slip of trip |
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*RIDDOR
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Reporting of Incidents, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (1997)
demands employees report : - fatalities and major incidents - incapacity to work for 3 days - specified diseases -dangerous occurrences it covers employers, employees, self employed, trainees and people on the premisses |
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*Report Accidents
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Report - tell manager
Investigate - why did it happen can it be prevented Identify Trends ( Trend Analysis) Prevent It happening again Legal requirement to report accidents reporting near misses allows preventative measures for a serious accident |
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Cause of Accidents
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Management failure
-management issues -lack of competence -lack of supervision -taking short cuts because pushed for time Behavioural Failures -lack of concentration -stupidity -shortcuts -rushing |
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Charlies Triangle
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out of 534 people
1 - Fatal / Serious Injury 3 - 3 day accident 50 - First Aid Injury 80 - Property Damage 400 - Near misses (they're fine) |
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Reporting under RIDDOR
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employer report using NI 2508 form
send to HSE NI fatalities, major injuries and dangerous occurrences ring HSE immediately and put in report within 10 days |
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Major Injuries
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fractures (not thumbs fingers or toes)
loss of sight amputation hospitalisation for over 24 hours dislocation (hip, shoulder, knee, spine) |
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Dangerous Occurrences
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- Failure of load bearing parts of lifting equipment
• Electrical short circuit causing fire or explosion • Explosion of any closed vessel or associated pipework • Collapse of scaffold over 5.0m high • Collapse of structure when over 5 tons material falls • Explosion causing suspension of work for over 24 hours |
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Reportable Diseases
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has to be occupational
- noise induced hearing loss - asbestos - dermatitis - vibration white finger - asthma must be diagnosed by doctor under reported because hard to pinpoint origin of disease and there's a lot of contributing factors takes years |
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Social Security Administration Act (NI) 1992
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all accidents must be put in accident book by employee or someone acting on behalf of employee
Accident Book must be accessible and employer must investigate all reported accidents |
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Health and Safety At Work Order (NI) 1978
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1- Health, Safety, Welfare in Workplace
2- EMAS 3 – Building Regulations 4 – Amendment, repeals |
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Duties of Employees
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take care of H&S of self and others
cooperate and comply with employers H&S rules not to interfere with H&S employers can make H&S rules stronger than the law and you have to follow these |
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Duties of Employers
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provision of welfare facilities, informations, adequate supervision and training and instruction
make sure activities don't endanger public or sub contractors self employed have similar duties to themselves and others |
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Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (NI) 2000 - Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) and Guidance
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hire more than 5 people need to report/record planning organization preventative measures monitoring and review
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Acts, Orders, Regulations, ACOP
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Acts and Orders - Primary Legislation
Regulations - Secondary Legislations ACOP - with regulations a guidance to the regulations not all regulations have one but it is guidance on how to apply the law to their situation has legal status that you have to prove in court you complied with the ACOP |
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5 elements of successful H&S management
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Planning
Organisation Control Monitoring Review |
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Planning
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systematic approach to risk assessment
select appropriate method of risk control prioritise |
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Organization
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involves everyone in risk assessment
communication , consultation competence - info, instruction, training, knowledge |
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Control
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H&S responsibilities
adequate time and resource standards measuring performance adequate supervision |
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Monitoring
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monitoring plan
routine inspections checks to ensure preventative measures are in place accident investigation trend analysis |
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Review
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establishing priorities
form remedial actions review overall H&S management system |
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Health and Safety Management Systems
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Third Party Accredited
Safe T Certificate (In Construction) BS OHSAS 18001 gives global recognition and need it to get third party accredited HSG 65 successful health and safety management |
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Health and Safety Inspectors
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government organization HSE(NI)
right to: -enter workplace without notice -take photos and samples -informal warning -improvement notice -prohibition notice -initiate prosecutions |
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Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007
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3 prosecutions so far
Gross breach of a duty of care Senior management failure Conduct falls far below what could have been reasonably expected individuals not prosecuted but company is fines the companies unlimited fine publicity orders ( has to tell the world) examples - Cotswold Geotechnical Holdings £375k - JMW Farms Ltd £187.5k - Lion Steel Equipment £480k |
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Gross Negligence Manslaughter
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works well with small companies but with large companies there are too many layers of management
separate from Corporate Manslaughter Act individual punished duty of care owed breach of duty causing death and breach is grossly negligent doesn't work for large companies as the person needs to be directly related to the incident and high up bosses aren't directly linked |
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Risk Assessment 5 steps
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Identify Hazard
Decide who could be harmed Evaluate existing risks implement controls Document findings Review Risk Assessment |
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HRSL
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Hazard - potential to do harm
Risk - probability of hazard occurring Severity - High, Medium, Low Likelihood - High, Medium, Low |
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Forms of Risk Assessment
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Quantitative (Risk = Likelihood * Severity)
Qualitative (High, Medium, Low) Generic (similar activities or work equipment) |
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Welfare
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sanitary conveniences and washing facilities
drinking water changing facilities facilities to rest and eat employer responsible Workplace (Health Safety & Welfare) Regulations 1999 |
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Noise and Vibration
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Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005
RIDDOR reportable Two action levels at an average of 8+ hours 80dBA 85dBA tinnitus Silencers suitable equipment Absorption walls Reduction of noise at source Isolate the workers & wear PPE Damping Marking of noisy area as ear protection zones Enclosure – Surrounding the source with a good insulator Change the process, equipment or location of the equipment |
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Hand Arm Vibration
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Mechanical vibration transmitted into hands and arms during a work activity
Prolonged vibration is known to affect blood vessels, nerves, muscles, tendons and other body parts |
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Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002
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COSHH Solids
Liquids, Mists, Gases, Vapour, Fumes, Dusts, Fibres Acute - short term Chronic - long term read label wear ppe dispose of waste properly wash hands enclose and isolate dangerous chemicals good ventilation |
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Asbestos
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Chrysotile (White)
Crocidolite (Blue) Amosite (Brown) Loose insulation, Thermal sprayed coating, Thermal insulation, Insulation board, Paper products, Ropes, cloths and yarns, Textured coatings and paints, Asbestos cement products, Gaskets, Floor coverings, Friction Products, Asbestos bitumen products, Mastic, sealants, putties & adhesives, Reinforced plastics, resin and rubber products |
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Damaged Asbestos Containing Materials
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Stop work, Evacuate and isolate the area
Notify the appropriate person In the event of an uncontrolled release or accident, only trained persons wearing appropriate RPE and PPE should be allowed to enter the area. |
