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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alcohol effects....
and begins working.... |
every cell in body
the second you ingest it |
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why doesnt alcohol have to be digested?
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absorbed into bloodstream from intestines --> liver
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how many drinks can the liver handle?
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1 drink per hour
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what is the first effect of alcohol?
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depressent - reason/judgement leaves first - inhibitions
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what is the effect of alcohol on blood vessels?
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relaxes nerves --> opens up blood vessels --> flushed
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2nd effect of alcohol?
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sedates cerebral cortex = speech/vision, go to sleep, cant control emotions
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bodys protection devices
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1.throat stings - prevents too much at once
2.stomach rejects too much 3.breaks down whats in blood ASAP |
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hangovers caused by:
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1.congeners - ingredients other than alcohol, irritates nervous system
2.dehydration of brain - nerves hurt when swell back 3.formaldehyde - made by body from alcohol - causes hangovers |
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hangover deleruim/tremors
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delirium: confusion, hallucinations, movement
tremors: quivering shacking |
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long term excessive drinking =
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liver disease: fills with fat, cirrhosis (scaring), dies and hardens
liver damage --> high BP --> stroke/heart attack excess fat or too skinny brain shrinks risk of cancer in mouth pancreas stops producing insulin FAS |
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first 4 effects of alcohol
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1.frontal lobe - reasoning/judgement
2.speech and vision 3.muscular control 4.respiration/heartbeat |
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alcohol in moderation
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less risk for heart attacks, cancer = 2-6 drinks per week
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proof
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percentage of alcohol, proof = twice percent
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drink
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1/2 ounce pure alcohol
12 oz beer, 1 oz hard liquor, 3-4 oz wine |
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why cant females drink as much?
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1.body size
2.smaller volume of blood 3.higher percent body fat |
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binge drinker
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4 or more drinks in an hour
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why is alcohol a dirty drug?
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works on multiple sides of body, not just one
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why does very littel alcohol move into bloodstream from teh sotmach?
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because enymes break it down in stomach before it becomes intoxicating
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why is it important that alcohol is a small molecule?
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easily slip through organ walls (includes brain)
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alcohol affects ___ system of the brain. what else does?
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dopamine system - meth/coke
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what effects does dopamine have on body?
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sends pleasure signals after sex, eating, drinking, "high"
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does one drink impair your ability to perform complex tasks?
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yes
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what is GABA?
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amino acid - limits activity of neurons in brain, slows it down
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what does alcohol do to GABA?
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enhances GABA system
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what does glutamate system do to brain?
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speeds it up
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what does alcohol do to glutamate system? how does this affect someone who contiunes to drink?
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slows it down - impairs.
memory dulls, confusion, trouble coordinating, breathing shuts down --> coma |
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how does GABA and glutamate contribute to hang overs?
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systems have changed so tries to regain normalcy. less senstive to GABA, more to glutamate. alcohol wears off but brains still trying, hang over ends when leves = normal
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what does body turn methanol into? another name?
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formaldehyde --> formic acid, embalming fluid
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single exposure to alcohol during pregnancy =
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brain damage (learing disabilities to physical damage)
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FAS is NOT....
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curable but 10-12 age gap/window for help
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FAS
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physical appearance
lower IQ's lower crime and addiction rate earlier diagnosis |
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FAE
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no physical appearance
higher IQ's b/c look normal, expected to act normal --> secondary disabilities |
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each FAE/FAS costs tax payers...
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3 million
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amount of damage based on...
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volume, timing, peak blood alcohol levels, genetics, environment
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BAL of mom =
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blood alcohol level of baby = bad
teratogen - cause permanent brain damage |
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first trimester
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alcohol effects way cells are growing - altering tissue growth
diminishes # of cells growing in brain --> brain being smaller |
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second trimester
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miscarriage = biggest risk
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third trimester
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increased chances of neruological and growth definciencies
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FAS on newborns
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decreased bodily activity
jitters/seizures/tremors lower hearing weak suck arched back poor/heightened muscle tensions unpredictable/disrupted sleep cycles |
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FAS on infants (1-4)
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delayed development
head banging body rocking poor fine motor schools neurological disfunction cerebral palsy |
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FAS on pre-schoolers
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hyperactivity
poor hand-eye coordination central auditory disfunction mental redardation poor balance poor tandem gait delayed language |
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FAS on school/adolescents
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attention impariments
arithmetic disabilities memory imparmetns learing disabilities poor impluse control difficulties wiht judgement |
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5 risk factors of alcoholism
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1.gender
2.family history 3.genetic factors 4.cultural factors 5.psychological vulnerability 6.psychiatric disorders |
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genetics
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5 times more likely in men
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family history
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men w/ no parents = 11.4
men with one parent = 29.5 |
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genetic factors
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way people respond and process alcohol
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cultural factors
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more of a problem in some coutnries
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psychological vulnerability
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high self expectations, low frustration tolerence, feeling inadequete, needed large amounts of praise, impulsive/agressive
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psychiatric disorders
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anxiety, depression, personality disorders, schizo
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symptoms (5)
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1.increased tolerence
2.increased problems as result 3.denail 4.loss of control 5.continue despite conaequences |
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.05%
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1-2 drinks
mild impariment in judgment careless behavior loss of coordination/self control |
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.10%
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3-4 drinks
substantial impairment in coordination, perception, judment emotions and inhibitions relaxed |
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.20%
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5-6 drinks
increased loss of self control unpredictable emotional behavior motor area of brain depressed = slurred speech, staggard walk simple tasks = hard |
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.30%
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7-8 drinks
state of confusion |
