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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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A mix of how you feel, think, and behave that makes you different from anyone else.
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Social-Learning Approach
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Reolve around reinforcement; actions that lead to rewards are likely to be repeated, and thsoe that lead to punishment are unlikely to be repeated.
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Humanistic Approach
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Based on the belief that each person is born essentially good and worthy, and has the potential to develop into a fully empowered person.
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Heredity
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the biological passing of characteristics from parents to offspring
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Intelligence
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the ability to learn and to adapt what you know to changing situations
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Instincts
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certain pattern of behavior that doesn't need to be learned
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Socialization
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the process of teaching behavior based on the beliefs and habits of the family and community.
It includes the teaching of cultural heritage through the teaching of religion, traditions, dress, and ways of behaving. |
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Conditioning
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the shaping of behaviors by means of rewards and punishments.
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Modeling
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the process of learning by watching and imitating another person
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Erik Erikson
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A Social-Learning theorist, who studied development in terms of social reinforcement.
He believed that a person's development depends on his or her social interactions at key points in life. |
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Erikson's 8 Stages of Social Development
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1 (0-1yr): Trust vs. Mistrust
2 (1-3yrs): Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 3 (3-7yrs): Initiative vs. Guilt 4 (7-12yrs): Industry vs. Inferiority 5 (Adolescence): Identity vs. Role Confusion 6 (Early Adult): Intimacy vs. Isolation 7 (Middle Adult): Generativity vs. Stagnation 8 (Late Adult): Integrity vs. Despair |
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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Physiological Needs
Safey Needs Need for Love/Belonging Esteem Needs Intellectual Needs Aesthetic Needs Self-Actualization |
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Values
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the rules and standards that you feel are important to live by
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Maturity
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the state of being fully grown
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Self-Concept
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your view of yourself and your role in life
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Attitude
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your sate of mind toward something in particular or toward life in general
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Emtions
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strong, immediate reactions that you feel in response to an experience
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Hostility
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feeling and behaving in an unpleasant way
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Anxiety
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makes you feel nervous and ill at ease; your blood vessels dilate, and changes occur in your digestive tract, causing a tight feeling in your stomach.
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Grief
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a deep sorrow that is caused by the loss of someone or something
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Five Stages of Grief
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Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
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Emotional Reactions to Grief
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Shock and Disbelief
Emotional Release Depression & Loneliness Physical Distress Panic Guilt Hostility and Resentment Dejection Reconciliation Adaptation |
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Defense Mechanisms
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ways to protect or defend yourself from feeling too much pain
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Repression
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painful thoughts or feelings are pushed away from conscious thought
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Rationalization
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the act of making an excuse for a behavior, in order to preserve self-esteem and avoid guilt.
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Compensation
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covering up faults or weaknesses by trying to excel in other areas
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Projection
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seeing your own faults or feelings in other people, even when they don't have them.
this is used when you don't like your own behavior; seeing it in others makes your own behavior easier to accept. |
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Idealization
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admiring someone so much that you see the person as perfect.
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Daydreaming
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the creation of make-believe events that seem more pleasant or exciting than the real world.
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Regression
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acting less maturely than you usually would.
EG, sulking or throwing tantrums instead of expressing disappointment maturely |
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Denial
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the refusal to recognize reality.
it is used to protect yourself from facing an unpleasant fact that you can't accept. |
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Sublimation
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the replacement of undesirable impulses with acceptable behavior
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Displacement
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shifting the feelings about one person or situation to an object or another person
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Reaction Formation
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hiding your true feelings from yourself by acting in a manner opposite to the way you would like to act.
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Characteristics of Mental Health
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Self-Awareness
Control over behavior Self-esteem and acceptance Ability to form relationships Productive attitude |
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Organic Mental Illness
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has a physical cause
EG, Alzheimer's Disease |
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Characteristics of Alzheimer's
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forgetfulness, anger, frustration
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Types of Emotional Mental Illnesses
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Psychotic, Modd, Anxiety, Sexual, Personality
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Schizophrenia
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chronic PSYCHOTIC mental illness; deal with things outside reality [hallucinations]
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Major Depression
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MOOD; don't get out of bed, bathe, eat; don't pay attention to friends/interests; hopeless
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Bipolar Disorder
[Manic Depression] |
swing between severe depression and mania; manic episodes characterized by uncontrollable behavior, suspicion, starting many projects, inability to sit still.
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Seasonal Affective Disorder
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depression due to lack of sunlight; prominent near poles
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Characteristics of Anxiety Disorders
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intense fear; increased heart beat; hyperventilation; pupiles dilate; hair stands up
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Anxiety (Panic) Disorder
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"triggers" for panic attacks
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Psychosomatic Illness
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physically-manifested disease/condition caused by mental state
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
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after-effects of experiencing a traumatic event (often affects soldiers).
flashbacks, nightmares, difficulty with relationships, sleeping trouble, turning to substance abuse. |
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Triskadekaphobia
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fear of the number 13
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Claustrophobia
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fear of closed spaces
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Agoraphobia
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fear of open spaces
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Gynephobia
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fear of women
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Xenophobia
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fear of strangers
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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characterized by obsessions and compulsions; often perform rituals, such as hand-washing.
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Obsession
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thought that overtakes your mind
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Compulsion
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repeated action to remove anxiety caused by the obsession
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Pedophilia
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people who are obsessed by sex with children
*Illegal |
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Paraphilia
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fetishes
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Exhibitionism
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Flashers
*Illegal |
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Sexual Addiction
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not yet an official mental disorder
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
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constantly think people are plotting against them
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Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder
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can't face up to people you're angry at; instead of direct confrontation, they intentionally annoy the person, try to undermine their self-confidence.
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Borderline Personality Disorder
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never satisfied; must be constantly reassured/reaffirmed; try testing people's limits
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Criteria For Mental Health
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Realistic Self-Image
Self-Acceptance Realistic Perceptions Good Stress Tolerance Self-Reliant Competent |
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DSM
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; lists all mental illnesses and gives a number corresponding to each illness; lists very specific symptoms
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Somatoform Disorder
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condition in which there are physical symptoms, but no physical illness
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Trait Approach
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defines personality in terms of specific traits
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