Health 311 Infectious Diseases Midterm

Front 1

Infection

Back 1

Invasion of the body by microorganisms that have the potential to cause disease.

Front 2

Pathogen

Back 2

Biological agent with capability to cause disease in suitable host.

Front 3

Disease

Back 3

A pathogen overcomes the defenses of the host and change in the host occurs (recognized as symptoms)

Front 4

Three Factors of Disease

Back 4

Infective dose- how much of the agent necessary
Virulence- capacity of an agent to initiate a pathology
immune status- immuno-compromised are more susceptible

Front 5

Pathology

Back 5

Adverse change in body structure or function

Front 6

Fomite

Back 6

Surface capable of harboring an infectious agent (ex.Infected doorknob)

Front 7

Reservoir

Back 7

normal habitat of a disease (ex. intestinal tract of birds for salmonella)

Front 8

Normal Flora

Back 8

microorganisms normally present in an individual that help it to function (ex skin, intestinal bacteria)

Front 9

Endogenous Infectious Disease

Back 9

A disease resulting from the host's normal flora.

Front 10

Exogenous Infectious Disease

Back 10

A disease resulting from an external source

Front 11

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Back 11

Agent: bacterial, Staphylococcus
At Risk: surgery wounds, women using tampons
Symptoms:Fever, vomiting, diarrhea, sunburn-like rash, Strawberry tongue
Treatment:Antibiotics, no vaccine available

Front 12

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Back 12

Agent:Rickettsia Rickettsii, rickettsia
Transmission: dog/wood tick bite- affecting blood vessels and respiratory system.
Initial symptoms: fever, muscle pain, rash
Later Symptoms:Rash, abdominal pain, rash on palms and soles
Treatment:Tetracyclenes

Front 13

Meningococcal Disease

Back 13

Transmission: direct contact
Manifests as meningitis, or sepsis- purple rash or clotting in blood vessels
Symptoms: Fever, intense headache, stiff neck, shock
Treatment: penicillin, vaccine available

Front 14

Immunity

Back 14

A person's resistance to infection

Front 15

Antigen

Back 15

Any substance, usually a protein, that triggers a response from the immune system

Front 16

Three Types of Immunity

Back 16

1. Natural or innate
2. Adaptive or active- antigen recognized, antibodies and white blood cells released
3. Artificial- vaccination

Front 17

Polio

Back 17

Transmission: poliovirus in the oral/fecal route, and multiplies in intestines
Causes paralysis
Treatment: vaccination

Front 18

chlamydia

Back 18

Mostly asymptomatic
women- burning urination, vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, PID
men- burning urination, painful discharge,
prevention: antibiotics

Front 19

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Back 19

an ascending infection of a woman's reproductive organs. symptoms including lower abdominal pain, infertility

Front 20

Gonorrhea

Back 20

bacteria that grows in the mucous membrane, esp warm moist areas of reproductive tract.
men- burning urination, white/yellowish discharge,
women- often no symptoms, burning urination and yellow/bloody discharge, eventually PID
Treatment: antibiotics

Front 21

Syphilis

Back 21

STD that infects in stages
Primary stage- single sore or ulcer where it entered the body.
Second stage- spread of the disease to muscles, joints liver, and brown rash breaks out on palms and feet.
Tertiary (late) stage- tissue destruction, blindness, paralysis. Women will give still birth at this stage.
Treatment: penicillin will completely cure it.

Front 22

Genital Herpes, HSV1, HSV2

Back 22

HSV1 occurs above the waist
HSV2 occurs below the waist
symptoms: ulcers around the genitals, painful urination, fatal infant infections,
Treatment: viral, no cure, slowed by symptom treatment.

Front 23

Genital Warts, HPV

Back 23

They appear as bumps on the genitals
Most common STD in the US. Strong link to cervical cancer
Vaccine created in 06 against HPV infection

Front 24

Hepatitis B Virus, HBV

Back 24

Spread via infected blood and sexual contact. Virus can cause liver disease and death, including cirrhosis and liver cancer
Treatment: vaccine, but no cure

Front 25

Trichomoniasis

Back 25

Ping-Pong disease- disease of the genitourinary tract, often asymptomatic
Women- yellow/green vaginal discharge with strong odor.
men- irritation inside penis

Front 26

Pubic Lice (crabs)

Back 26

Blood sucking pubic lice, found on the genitals
Transmission: through sexual contact
Symptoms: itching feeling on genitals
Treatment: form of pesticide

Front 27

Group B streptococcal disease

Back 27

Most common cause of life threatening illness among infants.
Bacteria, colonizes in the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and rectum of women,
Burden:neonatal illness, maternal morbidity
Prevention: screening cultures from 35-37 weeks

Front 28

Pertussis

Back 28

"Whooping cough" with mucus and vomiting
Bacteria, highly contagious by infected droplets
17.6 mil cases, 279K fatalities
treatment: antibiotics, vaccination, education

Front 29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Back 29

most common cause of bronchitis and pneumonia in children <1
cough, fever, runny nose
No vaccine, treat symptoms
prevention: handwashing, not sharing dishware with RSV people

Front 30

Listeriosis

Back 30

food borne bacteria, manifests as septicemia in newborns, fever and abortion in women
transmission: in utero, or to immunocompromised
found in poor sanitation, animals, soft cheeses
treatment: antibiotics, killed by pasteurization, eat only cooked meats