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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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67
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% of americans are overweight
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33
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% of americans are obese
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3 factors that contribute to excessive body fat
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genetic factors, physiological factors, lifestyle factors
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Genetic Factors effecting body fat
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25-40% of genes contribute
child with 2 obese parents has 80% chance |
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resting metabolic rate (RMR)
what if effects (4) |
energy required to maintain vital body functions while body is at rest
respiration, heart rate, body temp, blood pressure. |
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what effects our energy levels (% 3)
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RMR= 65-70%
digested food= 10% physical activity= 20-30% |
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exercise effect on metabolism (4)
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increases RMR
increases muscle mass burns calories increases amount of food you can eat w/o getting fat |
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Leptin
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hormone linked to obesity, secreted by bodies fat cells, regulates appetite and metabolic rate
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lifestyle factors effecting excess body fat (3)
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eating more
physical activity: schools are removing PE classes. watch 170 mins of tv people use food to cope with feelings |
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Binge Eating
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patteron of eating where normal food consumption is interrupted by episodes of high consumption
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prescription drugs to overcome weight problems
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suppress appetite, enable fullness
only for people with BMI over 30 |
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surgery to overcome weight problems
bariatric |
40 BMI or overweight 100 pounds
modifies GI tract by changing size of stomach |
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body image
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mental presentation a person holds about their body
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negative body image
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characterized by dissatisfaction with body in general of part of body
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body dismorphic disorder (BMDD)
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related to OCD
negative body image becomes severe can lead to suicide, depression |
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muscle dismorphia
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people who perceive themselves as having small, underdeveloped muscles despite being very muscular
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eating disorder
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disturbance in eating patterns or eating related behavior characterized by negative body image and concerns about body weight
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anorexia, bulemia, binge eating disorder
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3 major eating disorders
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anorexia nervous
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self starvation
intense fear of gaining weight |
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bulemia nervosa
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recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging to prevent weight gain
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binge eating disorder
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characterized by excessive eating and lack of control over eating behavior in general
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stressor
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any physical or psychological event or condition that produces physical and emotional reactions
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stress response
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physical and emotional reactions to a stressor
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stress
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state of mental or emotional strain caused by demanding circumstances
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nervous system consists of
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brain, spinal cord, nerves
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autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic & sympathetic |
branch of the nervous system that controls basic body processes
2 parts |
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parasympathetic division
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moderates excitatory effect of sympathetic division, slowing metabolism and restoring energy supplies
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sympathetic division
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reacts to danger or other challenges by almost instantly accelerating body processes
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endocrine system
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glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones into the blood stream to influence metabolism and other body processes
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norepinephrine
attention, awareness, alertness |
when released it increases what?? 3 "a's"
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cortisol
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steroid hormone secreted by the cortex (outer layer) of the adrenal gland
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epinephrine
adrenaline |
hormone secreted by the medulla (inner core) of the adrenal gland that affects the functioning organs involved in responding to a stressor
AKA? |
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endorphins
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brain secretions that have pain-inhibiting effects
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fight or flight reaction
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defense reaction that prepares a person for conflict or escape by triggering hormonal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and other changes
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what hormones are released during flight or fight reaction?
3 |
cortisol, epinephrine, and endorphins
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somatic nervous system
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branch of the peripheral nervous system that governs motor functions and sensory information, largely under conscious control
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homeostasis
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state of stability and consistency in a persons physiological functioning
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Type A Personality
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aggressive, ultra competitive, impatient, aggressive, hostile.
react explosively |
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Type B Personality
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relaxed and contemplative
tolerant of peoples behaviors |
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Type C Personality
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anger suppression, difficulty expressing emotions, feelings of hopelessness and despair
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Hardiness Personality Trait
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form of optimism
potential stressors are seen as challenges and opportunities for growth and learning |
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General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)
alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
1930s- Hans Seyle
patterns of stress responses consisting of three stages-- what are they? |
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eustress
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stress resulting from a pleasant stressor
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distress
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stress resulting from an unpleasant stressor
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allostatic load
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long term negative impact of stress response on the body
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psychonueroimmunology (PNI)
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study of interactions among the nervous, encodcrine, and immune systems
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CVD, vulnerability to immune disease, digestive problems, head aches, insomnia, depression, anxiety, eating disorders
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health problems caused by stress (5)
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cardiovascular disease
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collective term for diseases of the heart and blood vessels
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cardiovascular disease statistics
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takes one life every 37 seconds, 2400 americans die every day, leading cause of death
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tobacco use, high blood pressure, unhealthy cholesterol levels, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, high triglyceride levels, psychological & social factors, and alcohol and drug use
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risk factors that CAN be changed (8)
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Tobacco Use
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people who do this a day have twice the risk of heart attack than people that dont
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high blood pressure aka?
120/80 |
hypertension
good blood pressure? (numbers) |
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low density lipoproteins
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BAD
contains moderate amount of protein and a large amount of cholesterol |
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high density lipoprotein
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GOOD
contains little cholesterol, transports cholesterol OUT of arteries |
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risks that CANNOT be changed (5)
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heredity, aging, being male, ethnicity, c-reactive protein
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forms of cardiovascular disease (6)
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atherosclerosis, heart attack, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, stroke, cardiac arrest
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atherosclerosis
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inner layers of artery walls are made thick and irregular by plaque deposits; arteries become narrowed blood supply reduced
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heart attack (myocardial infraction)
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damage to or death of heart muscle resulting from failure of coronary arteries to deliver enough blood to the heart
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angina pectoris
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condition where heart muscle doesn't receive enough blood causing severe pain in the chest and arms/shoulder
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arrhythmia
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change in normal beating patterns
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stroke
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impeded blood supply to some part of the brain causing destruction of blood cells
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what can happen if someone has a stroke? (4)
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memory loss, speech impairment, inability to walk, or paralysis
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how to diagnose heart disease (2)
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stress or exercise test
MRI angiogram |
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treating heart disease(4)
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prescription drugs, lifestyle change, balloon angioplasty, aspirin
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congestive heart failure
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condition where heart cannot pump out all of the blood that returns to it
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heart healthy diet, exercise, no tobacco, manage BP, handle stress and anger
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ways to prevent CVD (5)
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2800 calories/ week
60-90 minutes/week 1200-1500 |
how many calories should americans burn a week?
how many minutes of PA? how many calories/day? |
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alarm stage
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stage of GAS associated with fight/flight
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resistance stage
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stage of GAS associated with coping
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exhaustion stage
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stage of GAS associated with life-threatening break down
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systolic/diastolic
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what order is blood pressure in?
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pulmonary edema
lying down |
fluid accumulates in the lungs that interferes with breathing
especially when? |
