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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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During the first 24 hours after a head injury, watch for these warning signs.
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1. Changes in LOC (drowsiness, confusion, difficult to arouse)
2. seizures 3. bleeding or drainage from nose or ears 4. pupils slow to react or unequal 5. visual problems 6. loss of sensation in an extremity 7. slurred speech 8. projectile vomiting |
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Posturing with arms like "Cs".
a) decorticate b) decerebrate |
a) decorticate
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Problems with cervical spinal tract or cerebral hemisphere is _________ or flexor.
a) decerebrate b) decorticate |
b) decorticate
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Problems within the midbrain or pons are __________ or extensor.
a) decerebrate b) decorticate |
a) decerebrate
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In decerebrate posturing, the arms are shaped like ____.
a) C's b) I's c) D's d) e's |
d) e's
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Name the 5 scalp injuries.
(hint: aclah) |
abrasion
contusion laceration avulsion hematoma |
(hint: aclah)
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Which scalp injury is really gory, with the skin torn away from the scalp?
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avulsion
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abrasion
One of these: contusion laceration avulsion hematoma |
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Which scalp injury looks more like a bruise? Not too serious.
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contusion
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One of these:
contusion laceration avulsion hematoma |
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Which scalp injury is an accumulation of blood beneath layer of scalp?
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hematoma (subgaleal)
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One of these:
contusion laceration avulsion hematoma |
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Which scalp injury is the least severe?
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abrasion
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One of these:
contusion laceration avulsion hematoma |
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Always suspect __________ with head trauma.
a) ICP b) stroke c) spinal injury d) paraplegia |
c) spinal injury
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Name two ways to immediately treat a patient with head trauma.
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Stabilize with hard collar.
Maintain neutral alignment. |
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Name the four types of skull fractures.
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1. Linear
2. Depressed 3. Comminuted 4. Basilar |
L D C B
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"I've got a crack in my skull that's a nondisplaced fracture. What kind of skull fracture do I have?"
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Linear
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"Oh, no. Bone fragments are embedded into my brain tissue. My brain is indented inwards. I'm at risk for ICP & bleeds. What kind of skull fracture do I have?"
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Depressed
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"Yikes. I have a multiple fracture line that compressing my brain. This is a real risk to my brain. What kind of skull fracture is this?"
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Comminuted
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The skull is splintered into fragmented pieces.
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"I look like a racoom and I've got something oozing out from ears and nose. The fracture is at the base of my neck. And I've got a halo sign. What kind of skull fracture is this?"
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Basilar
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Don't blow your nose!
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Battle's Sign = ___________
a) raccoon eyes b) CSF leakage c) blood stain with yellow around hemorrhage d) bruising around ears |
d) bruising around ears
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Halo Sign = ____________
a) CSF leakage b) bruising around ears c) blood stain with yellow around hemorrhage d) dark circles around eyes |
c) blood stain with yellow around hemorrhage
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Misdiagnosed or untreated episode of confusion in the elderly can lead to _______.
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long-term disability
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"Yikes. I have a multiple fracture line that compressing my brain. This is a real risk to my brain. What kind of skull fracture is this?"
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Comminuted
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The skull is splintered into fragmented pieces.
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"I look like a racoom and I've got something oozing out from ears and nose. The fracture is at the base of my neck. And I've got a halo sign. What kind of skull fracture is this?"
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Basilar
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Don't blow your nose!
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Battle's Sign = ___________
a) raccoon eyes b) CSF leakage c) blood stain with yellow around hemorrhage d) bruising around ears |
d) bruising around ears
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Halo Sign = ____________
a) CSF leakage b) bruising around ears c) blood stain with yellow around hemorrhage d) dark circles around eyes |
c) blood stain with yellow around hemorrhage
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Misdiagnosed or untreated episode of confusion in the elderly can lead to _______.
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long-term disability
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What are some symptoms of skull fractures?
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* HA
* Altered LOC * Dizziness * Persistent localized pain * Warmth, bruising, or redness in the affected area * Swelling (sometimes) * Dilated pupils |
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What are the four types of brain injury?
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1. Concussion
2. Contusion 3. Diffuse Axonal Injury 4. Hemorrhage |
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What are the signs and symptoms of a post concussion syndrome?
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* difficulty awakening
* difficulty with speech * confusion * severe HA * vomiting * weakness on one side of body |
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How does a patient behave with a frontal lobe concussion?
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bizarre, irritable behavior
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How does a patient react with a temporal lobe concussion?
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Amnesia or disoriented
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What are the s/s iof postconcussion syndrome?
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* dizziness
* lethargy * irritability * anxiety |
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"I'm seeing stars!"
"I think I lost consciousness for a few seconds." What type of brain injury is this? |
Concussion
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The patient is in an immediate coma, decorticate, with global cerebral edema. Widespread damage to the axons. What type of brain injury is this?
What kind of brain injury? |
Diffuse Axonal Injury
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Bleeding in the brain: epidural or subdural. What type of brain injury is this?
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Hemorrhage
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Can hematomas within the cranial vault be fatal?
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Yes, even if they are small.
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Hemorrhage between the dura and brain that can be caused by trauma or aneursyms.
Epidural or Subdural |
Subdural
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Hemorrhage between skull and dura, probably from miningeal artery rupture of brain.
Epidural or Subdural |
Epidural
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When discharging a post head injury patient, make sure familhy wakes the patient how often?
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Every 2-3 hours
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Signs and symptoms family should look out for in a post head injury patient?
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* increased drowsiness
* Nausea and vomiting * Worsening HA or stiff neck * Seizures * Vision difficulties * Behavioral changes * Motor Problems * Sensory Disturbances |
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What are burr holes?
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Holes made in skull to decrease ICP, remove clots, control bleeding
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What surgery remove blood clot and controls bleeding in the brain?
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Craniotomy
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