Head & Neck Development - Nbde I

Front 1

Ectoderm gives rise to which 2 layers?

Back 1

1. Neuroectoderm
2. Neural crest

Front 2

Mesoderm gives rise to? (3)

Back 2

1. Paraxial mesoderm
2. Intermediate mesoderm
3. Lateral plate mesoderm

Front 3

Endoderm develops into? (2)

Back 3

1. Pharyngeal pouches
2. Epithelium lining primitive gut

Front 4

Head & neck are formed by?

Back 4

1. Paraxial mesoderm
2. Lateral plate mesoderm
3. Neural crest
4. Ectodermal placodes

Front 5

Most of the head & neck is formed from?

Back 5

Pharyngeal arches

Front 6

Initially how many pharyngeal arches develop?

Back 6

6 initially --> 5th regresses

Front 7

When do the pharyngeal pouches start forming?

Back 7

4th week in utero

Front 8

Skeletal components develop from?

Back 8

Neural crest

Front 9

Muscular structures develop from?

Back 9

mesoderm

Front 10

What are the derivatives of the ECTODERM? (5)

Back 10

1. CNS & PNS
2. Sensory epithelium (ear, nose, eye)
3. Epidermis (hair & nails)
4. Glands (subcutaneous, mammary, pituitary)
5. Enamel

Front 11

Appearance of notochord & prechordal mesoderm induces overlying ectoderm to thicken & form?

Back 11

Neural plate

Front 12

Cells of neural plate make up the?

Back 12

Neuroectoderm

Front 13

Induction of cells of neural plate represents the inital event in process called?

Back 13

Neurulation

Front 14

During neurulation the primitive streak & primitive node are visible by which day?

Back 14

16-day presomite embryo

Front 15

During neurulation, the amnion has been removed & neural plate is clearly visible by?

Back 15

19 days presomite embryo

Front 16

Embryo shows somites & formation of neural groove & neural folds by?

Back 16

20 days

Front 17

Seven distinct somites are visible on each side of the neural tube by which day of neurlation?

Back 17

Day 22

Front 18

Pericardial bulge on each side of midline in cephalic part of embryo at which day of neurulation?

Back 18

Day 23

Front 19

Neural crest cells in the spinal cord form at the tips of?

Back 19

Neural folds

Front 20

Neural crest cells of the spinal cord do not migrate away from tips of neural folds until?

Back 20

Neural tube closure is complete

Front 21

When do neural crest cells in head region migrate?

Back 21

Prior to neural tube closure

Front 22

Neural crest cells in head region form?

Back 22

1-6 pharyngeal arches
V, VII, IX & X epibranchial placodes

Front 23

What are epibranchial placodes?

Back 23

Cranial, ectodermal thickenings that give rise to sensory neurons of PNS (V, VII, IX & X)

Front 24

What are the NEURAL CREST derivatives? (14)

Back 24

1. CT & bones of face & skull
2. CN ganglia & Spinal (dorsal root) ganglia
3. C cells of thyroid gland
4. Conotruncal septum of heart
5. Odontoblasts
6. Dermis in face & neck
7. Sympathetic chain & preaortic ganglia
8. Parasympathetic ganglia of GI
9. Adrenal medulla
10. Schwann & glial cells
12. Meninges (forebrain)
13. Melanocytes
14. SM cells to blood vessels of face & forebrain

Front 25

All voluntary muscles of head region, including musculature of tongue, eye (except iris) & those associated w/ pharyngeal arches are derived from?

Back 25

Paraxial mesoderm

Front 26

Patterns of muscle formation in head are directed by?

Back 26

CT elements derived from neural crest cells

Front 27

Paraxial mesoderm form segemented series of tissue blocks on each side of the neural tube known as?

Back 27

Somitomeres- head region
Somites- from occiptal region caudally

Front 28

What muscles are derived from somitomeres 1 & 2? (3)

Back 28

1. Superior rectus
2. Medial rectus
3. Inferior rectus

Front 29

What muscles are derived from somitomere 3?

Back 29

Superior oblique

Front 30

What muscles are derived from somitomere 4?

Back 30

Jaw closing muscles

Front 31

What muscle is derived from somitomere 5?

Back 31

Lateral rectus

Front 32

What muscles are derived from somitomere 6?

Back 32

Jaw opening muscles & other 2nd arch

Front 33

What muscle is derived from somitomere 7?

Back 33

Stylopharyngeus

Front 34

What muscles are derived from somite 1 & 2?

Back 34

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Front 35

What muscles are derived from somites 2-5?

Back 35

Tongue

Front 36

What are the ENDODERMAL derivatives? (5)

Back 36

1. Epithelium of respiratory tract
2. Parenchyma of thyorid, parathyroids, liver & pancreas
3. Reticular stroma of tonisls and thymus
4. Epithelium of bladder & urethra
5. Epithelium of tympanic cavity & auditory tube

Front 37

What forms the epithelial lining of the primitve gut & intraembryonic portions of allantois & vitelline duct?

Back 37

Endoderm

Front 38

What SKELETAL components are derived from ARCH I? (5)

Back 38

MAXILLARY PROCESS:
1. Maxilla
2. Zygomatic
3. Temporal
MANDIBULAR PROCESS:
4. Mandible (ventral)
5. Incus & malleus (dorsal)

Front 39

What SKELETAL components are derived from ARCH II? (4)

Back 39

1. Cranial 1/2 of hyoid
2. Stapes
3. Styloid process of temporal bone
4. Stylohyoid ligament

Front 40

What SKELETAL components are derived from ARCH III? (1)

Back 40

Lower hyoid

Front 41

What SKELETAL components are derived from ARCHES IV & VI?

Back 41

Laryngeal cartilages

Front 42

What MUSCULAR components are derived from ARCH I? (5)

Back 42

1. Muscles of mastication
2. Mylohyoid
3. Anterior belly of digastric
4. Tensor palatini
5. Tensor tympani

Front 43

What MUSCULAR components are derived from ARCH II? (4)

Back 43

1. Muscles of facial expression
2. Posterior belly of digastric
3. Stylohyoid
4. Stapedius

Front 44

What MUSCULAR component is derived from ARCH III?

Back 44

Stylopharyngeus

Front 45

What MUSCULAR components are derived from ARCH IV? (3)

Back 45

1. Cricothyroid
2. Levator palatini
3. Pharyngeal constrictors

Front 46

What MUSCULAR components are derived from ARCH VI?

Back 46

Intrinsic muscles of larynx

Front 47

Superior laryngeal nerve of X is derived from which arch?

Back 47

Arch IV

Front 48

Recurrent laryngeal nerve of X is derived from which arch?

Back 48

Arch VI

Front 49

What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of ARCH I?

Back 49

Maxillary arteries

Front 50

What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of ARCH II?

Back 50

Hyoid & stapedial arteries

Front 51

What are the ARTERIAL DERIVATIVES of ARCH III?

Back 51

1. Common carotid
2. First part of internal carotid

Front 52

What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of LEFT side of ARCH IV? (3)

Back 52

Arch of aorta
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

Front 53

What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of RIGHT side of ARCH IV?

Back 53

Right subclavian artery

Front 54

What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of LEFT side of ARCH VI?

Back 54

1. Left pulmonary artery
2. Ductus arteriosus

Front 55

What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of RIGHT side of ARCH VI?

Back 55

Right pulmonary artery

Front 56

Pharyngeal clefts are derived from?

Back 56

Ectoderm

Front 57

Pharyngeal pouches are derived from?

Back 57

Endoderm

Front 58

PHARYNGEAL MEMBRANES-- tissue located between pharyngeal pouch & cleft
External lining = ?
Core = ?
Internal lining = ?

Back 58

PHARYNGEAL MEMBRANES-- tissue located between pharyngeal pouch & cleft
External lining = Ectoderm
Core = Mesoderm & neural crest
Internal lining = Endoderm

Front 59

What is the embryonic structure of pharyngeal pouch I?

Back 59

Tubotympanic recess

Front 60

What is the embryonic structure of pharyngeal pouch II?

Back 60

Primitive palatine tonsil

Front 61

What are the embryonic & adult structures of of pharyngeal pouch III?

Back 61

Dorsal part-- Inferior parathyroid gland
Ventral part--Thymus

Front 62

What are the embryonic & adult structures of of pharyngeal pouch IV?

Back 62

Dorsal part- Superior parathyroid glands
Ventral part- parafollicular cells, ultimobranchial body

Front 63

What is the adult structure of the 1st pharyngeal membrane?

Back 63

Tympanic membrane

Front 64

What is the adult structure of the 1st pharyngeal cleft?

Back 64

External auditory meatus

Front 65

Follicular cells of thyroid are derived from?

Back 65

Endoderm

Front 66

Parafollicular cells of thyroid are derived from?

Back 66

Ultimobranchial body (endoderm)

Front 67

Face is formed from mainly neural crest which makes 3 swellings that surround stomodeum?

Back 67

1. Frontonasal prominence
2. Maxillary prominence (1st arch)
3. Mandibular prominence (1st arch)

Front 68

What are the 2 additional areas of ectoderm that form the 2 nasal placodes lateral to frontonasal prominence?

Back 68

1. Lateral nasal prominence
2. Medial nasal prominence

Front 69

What forms the intermaxillary segment?

Back 69

Fusion of medial nasal prominences at midline

Front 70

What is the primitive mouth opening?

Back 70

Stomodeum

Front 71

What are the 3 placodes involved in development of the face?

Back 71

1. Otic placode
2. Nasal placode
3. Optic/lens placode

Front 72

Upper lip develops from?

Back 72

Maxillary prominence & median nasal prominence

Front 73

Lower lip develops from

Back 73

Mandibular prominence

Front 74

Philtrum, primary palate & upper jaw containing central & lateral incisors dervelops from?

Back 74

Intermaxillary segment