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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ectoderm gives rise to which 2 layers?
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1. Neuroectoderm
2. Neural crest |
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Mesoderm gives rise to? (3)
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1. Paraxial mesoderm
2. Intermediate mesoderm 3. Lateral plate mesoderm |
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Endoderm develops into? (2)
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1. Pharyngeal pouches
2. Epithelium lining primitive gut |
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Head & neck are formed by?
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1. Paraxial mesoderm
2. Lateral plate mesoderm 3. Neural crest 4. Ectodermal placodes |
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Most of the head & neck is formed from?
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Pharyngeal arches
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Initially how many pharyngeal arches develop?
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6 initially --> 5th regresses
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When do the pharyngeal pouches start forming?
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4th week in utero
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Skeletal components develop from?
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Neural crest
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Muscular structures develop from?
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mesoderm
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What are the derivatives of the ECTODERM? (5)
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1. CNS & PNS
2. Sensory epithelium (ear, nose, eye) 3. Epidermis (hair & nails) 4. Glands (subcutaneous, mammary, pituitary) 5. Enamel |
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Appearance of notochord & prechordal mesoderm induces overlying ectoderm to thicken & form?
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Neural plate
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Cells of neural plate make up the?
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Neuroectoderm
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Induction of cells of neural plate represents the inital event in process called?
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Neurulation
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During neurulation the primitive streak & primitive node are visible by which day?
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16-day presomite embryo
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During neurulation, the amnion has been removed & neural plate is clearly visible by?
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19 days presomite embryo
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Embryo shows somites & formation of neural groove & neural folds by?
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20 days
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Seven distinct somites are visible on each side of the neural tube by which day of neurlation?
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Day 22
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Pericardial bulge on each side of midline in cephalic part of embryo at which day of neurulation?
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Day 23
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Neural crest cells in the spinal cord form at the tips of?
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Neural folds
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Neural crest cells of the spinal cord do not migrate away from tips of neural folds until?
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Neural tube closure is complete
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When do neural crest cells in head region migrate?
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Prior to neural tube closure
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Neural crest cells in head region form?
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1-6 pharyngeal arches
V, VII, IX & X epibranchial placodes |
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What are epibranchial placodes?
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Cranial, ectodermal thickenings that give rise to sensory neurons of PNS (V, VII, IX & X)
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What are the NEURAL CREST derivatives? (14)
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1. CT & bones of face & skull
2. CN ganglia & Spinal (dorsal root) ganglia 3. C cells of thyroid gland 4. Conotruncal septum of heart 5. Odontoblasts 6. Dermis in face & neck 7. Sympathetic chain & preaortic ganglia 8. Parasympathetic ganglia of GI 9. Adrenal medulla 10. Schwann & glial cells 12. Meninges (forebrain) 13. Melanocytes 14. SM cells to blood vessels of face & forebrain |
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All voluntary muscles of head region, including musculature of tongue, eye (except iris) & those associated w/ pharyngeal arches are derived from?
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Paraxial mesoderm
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Patterns of muscle formation in head are directed by?
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CT elements derived from neural crest cells
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Paraxial mesoderm form segemented series of tissue blocks on each side of the neural tube known as?
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Somitomeres- head region
Somites- from occiptal region caudally |
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What muscles are derived from somitomeres 1 & 2? (3)
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1. Superior rectus
2. Medial rectus 3. Inferior rectus |
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What muscles are derived from somitomere 3?
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Superior oblique
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What muscles are derived from somitomere 4?
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Jaw closing muscles
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What muscle is derived from somitomere 5?
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Lateral rectus
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What muscles are derived from somitomere 6?
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Jaw opening muscles & other 2nd arch
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What muscle is derived from somitomere 7?
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Stylopharyngeus
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What muscles are derived from somite 1 & 2?
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Intrinsic laryngeal muscles
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What muscles are derived from somites 2-5?
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Tongue
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What are the ENDODERMAL derivatives? (5)
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1. Epithelium of respiratory tract
2. Parenchyma of thyorid, parathyroids, liver & pancreas 3. Reticular stroma of tonisls and thymus 4. Epithelium of bladder & urethra 5. Epithelium of tympanic cavity & auditory tube |
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What forms the epithelial lining of the primitve gut & intraembryonic portions of allantois & vitelline duct?
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Endoderm
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What SKELETAL components are derived from ARCH I? (5)
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MAXILLARY PROCESS:
1. Maxilla 2. Zygomatic 3. Temporal MANDIBULAR PROCESS: 4. Mandible (ventral) 5. Incus & malleus (dorsal) |
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What SKELETAL components are derived from ARCH II? (4)
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1. Cranial 1/2 of hyoid
2. Stapes 3. Styloid process of temporal bone 4. Stylohyoid ligament |
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What SKELETAL components are derived from ARCH III? (1)
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Lower hyoid
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What SKELETAL components are derived from ARCHES IV & VI?
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Laryngeal cartilages
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What MUSCULAR components are derived from ARCH I? (5)
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1. Muscles of mastication
2. Mylohyoid 3. Anterior belly of digastric 4. Tensor palatini 5. Tensor tympani |
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What MUSCULAR components are derived from ARCH II? (4)
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1. Muscles of facial expression
2. Posterior belly of digastric 3. Stylohyoid 4. Stapedius |
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What MUSCULAR component is derived from ARCH III?
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Stylopharyngeus
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What MUSCULAR components are derived from ARCH IV? (3)
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1. Cricothyroid
2. Levator palatini 3. Pharyngeal constrictors |
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What MUSCULAR components are derived from ARCH VI?
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Intrinsic muscles of larynx
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Superior laryngeal nerve of X is derived from which arch?
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Arch IV
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Recurrent laryngeal nerve of X is derived from which arch?
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Arch VI
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What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of ARCH I?
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Maxillary arteries
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What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of ARCH II?
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Hyoid & stapedial arteries
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What are the ARTERIAL DERIVATIVES of ARCH III?
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1. Common carotid
2. First part of internal carotid |
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What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of LEFT side of ARCH IV? (3)
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Arch of aorta
Left common carotid Left subclavian |
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What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of RIGHT side of ARCH IV?
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Right subclavian artery
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What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of LEFT side of ARCH VI?
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1. Left pulmonary artery
2. Ductus arteriosus |
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What are the ARTERIAL derivatives of RIGHT side of ARCH VI?
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Right pulmonary artery
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Pharyngeal clefts are derived from?
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Ectoderm
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Pharyngeal pouches are derived from?
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Endoderm
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PHARYNGEAL MEMBRANES-- tissue located between pharyngeal pouch & cleft
External lining = ? Core = ? Internal lining = ? |
PHARYNGEAL MEMBRANES-- tissue located between pharyngeal pouch & cleft
External lining = Ectoderm Core = Mesoderm & neural crest Internal lining = Endoderm |
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What is the embryonic structure of pharyngeal pouch I?
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Tubotympanic recess
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What is the embryonic structure of pharyngeal pouch II?
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Primitive palatine tonsil
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What are the embryonic & adult structures of of pharyngeal pouch III?
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Dorsal part-- Inferior parathyroid gland
Ventral part--Thymus |
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What are the embryonic & adult structures of of pharyngeal pouch IV?
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Dorsal part- Superior parathyroid glands
Ventral part- parafollicular cells, ultimobranchial body |
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What is the adult structure of the 1st pharyngeal membrane?
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Tympanic membrane
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What is the adult structure of the 1st pharyngeal cleft?
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External auditory meatus
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Follicular cells of thyroid are derived from?
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Endoderm
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Parafollicular cells of thyroid are derived from?
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Ultimobranchial body (endoderm)
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Face is formed from mainly neural crest which makes 3 swellings that surround stomodeum?
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1. Frontonasal prominence
2. Maxillary prominence (1st arch) 3. Mandibular prominence (1st arch) |
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What are the 2 additional areas of ectoderm that form the 2 nasal placodes lateral to frontonasal prominence?
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1. Lateral nasal prominence
2. Medial nasal prominence |
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What forms the intermaxillary segment?
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Fusion of medial nasal prominences at midline
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What is the primitive mouth opening?
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Stomodeum
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What are the 3 placodes involved in development of the face?
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1. Otic placode
2. Nasal placode 3. Optic/lens placode |
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Upper lip develops from?
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Maxillary prominence & median nasal prominence
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Lower lip develops from
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Mandibular prominence
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Philtrum, primary palate & upper jaw containing central & lateral incisors dervelops from?
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Intermaxillary segment
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