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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a concussion |
sudden deceleration injury coup-countercoup injury CT or MRI normal |
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S/S of concussion |
disoriented amnesia confusion (vacant state, delayed answer to questions, poor coordination) loss of consciousness MC sx: HA, dizziness, impaired executive function |
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what is the grading for concussion |
Grade 1: "ding" concussion, confusion, no LOC, sxs <15m Grade 2: no LOC, sx >15m Grade 3: LOC |
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Glasgow coma scale |
minor: 13-15 mod: 9-12 severe: <8 |
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red flags for concussion |
mental status change LOC >60s pupillary asymmetry vision change muscle/sensory deficits cerebellar dysfunc (gait/ataxia, F -> N) |
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when to do a CT scan? |
ABSOLUTE: seizure, neuro deficit, anticoag |
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s/s of basilar skull fx |
hemotympanum battles sign (mastoid process ecchymosis) raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) CSF leakage via nose or ears |
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concussion tx |
rest (second impact syndrome) Ohio's concussion law for return to play |
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return to play rules for concussion |
asx and med free x24h 24h nonimpact aerobic exr to increase HR x24h sport-specific light drills x24h non-contact training drills x24h full contact practice x24h return to play if sx return, STOP and rest til sx clear x24h and restart at current level |
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post concussion syndrome |
will take longer to heal with each successive concussion injury higher risk for post concussion syndrome: sx >3mo, HA, dizziness, impaired executive func, mood changes/depression, insomnia, tinnitus, vertigo |
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what is a subdural hematoma and how is it caused |
bleeding btwn dura mater and arachniod tearing of bridging veins shearing injury; acceleration/deceleration result of trauma (acute or chronic- elderly) |
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s/s of subdural hematoma |
confusion, slurred speech, HA, lethargy, LOC, n/v, weakness crescent shaped on imaging- midline shift |
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tx for subdural hematoma |
smaller: burr holes larger: craniotomy to evacuate clots |
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what is epidural hematoma |
bleeding btwn dura mater and skull due to trauma/skull fx (blunt trauma) tearing of middle meningeal a. |
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s/s of epidural hematoma |
biconcave lens on imaging initial LOC, then lucid talk and die often unconscious evolves rapidly |
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tx for epidural hematoma |
surgical evacuation, ligate bleeding vessels |
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what is subarachnoid hemorrhage |
bleeding into subarachnoid space usually due to rupture of cerebral aneursym |
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s/s of subarachnoid hemorrhage |
thunderclap HA, HA of a lifetime n/v stiff neck confusion sz popping or snapping prior to HA |
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dx of subarachnoid hemorrhage |
CT w/out contrast- best in first 12h some will have not appear on CT lumbar puncture- blood |
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tx for subarachnoid hemorrhage |
clipping or coil aneursym |
