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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many patients present to A&E with 'Head Injury'
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1 million
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How many patients are admitted to neurosurgical units with 'head injury' per year
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10000
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Which type of head injury is preventable
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secondary brain injury
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What are the two types of head injury
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Open (penetrating, missile)
Closed (acceleration, deceleration, rotation) |
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What Physical findings can be seen in Head Injury
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Scalp swelling/ laceration
skull vault fracture Linear, depressed, compound Skull base fracture Anterior Cranial Fossa 'Racoon or panda eyes' or Middle Cranial Fossa 'Battle Sign' |
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What two focal signs can be observed in Head Injury
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Laterialising motor signs
Pupillary Response to light |
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Name 3 types of Herniation that can occur in the Brain
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Subfalcine
Transtentorial Tonsillar |
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Name 3 clinical syndromes which can kill patients with head injury
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Hypoxia
hypotension Increased ICP |
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The brain is only 2% total body weight, how much CO, Oxygen and glucose does it us?
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CO = 15%
Oxygen = 20% Glucose = 12% |
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Within how many minutes does neuronal damage occur?
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5 minutes
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Describe the 4 points for eye opening on GCS
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1. none
2. to pain 3. to command 4. spontaneously |
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Describe the 5 points for verbal response on GCS
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1.none
2. incomprehensible sounds 3. Inappropriate words 4. Confused 5. Orientated |
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Describe the 6 points for best motor response on GCS
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1.none
2. Extensor Response (decerebrate) 3. Abnormal Flexion (decorticate) 4. Withdraws from pain 5. Localizes pain 6. Obeys commands |
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Define coma and define GCS score associated with coma
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Do not open eyes, do not obey commands, do not speak
GCS = 8 |
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Describe 3 occasions where a CT head scan should be ordered?
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Skull Fracture
Not orientated (GCS <14) Focal Neurological Signs |
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Starting most superficially describe Types of intracranial bleeding (6)
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Extradural Haematoma
Subdural Haematoma Traumatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Intracerebral contusion Intracerebral Haematoma Intraventricular Haemorrhage |
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In both cm H2O and mmHg define normal range of Adult ICP
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12-15 cm H2O
9-11mmHg |
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How is Cerebral Perfusion Pressure defined?
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CPP = MAP - ICP
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What is target CPP following a head injury?
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CPP > 60mmHg (MAP > 80mmHg)
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