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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lice |
Wingless insects that live in human hair. Theses are transmittable through close contact, and are common in kids 4-10 years old. They appear as white clusters around the root of the hair. Treatment will be washing the hair with lice shampoo and using a fine toothed comb. |
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What is Impetigo? |
A highly contagious infection caused by streptococcal bacteria, most commonly seen in young children. This is usually seen on the face and extremities and patients reports itching and burning before the eruption of lesions. This is a bacterial infection infecting the stratum corneum. "honey crusted legions" |
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Ludwig's Angina |
A bacterial infection of the floor of the mouth resulting from an infection in the root of the teeth or an injury to the mouth. This presents as a redness and swelling of one side of the face, beginning at the base of the ear and extending down into the neck and up under the chin. Swelling of the tongue can occur, causing airway problems. |
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Conjunctivitis |
Inflammation of the transparent tissue that goes from the inside of the upper eyelid across the eye to the lower lid. It can be caused by irritation of debris rubbed into the eye or an allergic response , or pink eye. There will be thick, sticky drainage in the morning. The conjunctival space will appear bright red and swollen. |
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What is a chalazion? |
A small bump on the eyelid that results from a blocked oil gland. |
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What is a hordeolum? |
An acute infection of the glands of the eyelid. An external hordeolum is called a stye. |
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Glaucoma risk factors |
An eye disease that may cause blindness. Risk factors include a family history, nearsightedness, eye injury, low blood pressure, african descent, diabetes, long term exposure to cortisol. |
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What causes glacuoma? What are the effects? |
In glaucoma, the aqueous fluid drains too slowly, and pressure builds up within the eye, and damages the optic nerve. Glaucoma affects the person's peripheral vision and the patient develops tunnel vision. Patients may have no symptoms until vision loss occurs. |
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Why should paramedics know about acute angle glaucoma? What are the signs and symptoms of an acute attack? |
Atropine is contraindicated in patients with acute angle glaucoma. Severe eye pain, headache, photophobia, nausea and vomiting, as well as cloudy corneas are common. |
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What is central retinal artery occlusion? |
CRAO is a condition in which the blood supply to the retina is blocked because of a clot or embolus in the central retinal artery. It can cause partial blindness, temporary or permanent. Patient usually seeks medical attention because of sudden, painless vision loss in one eye. |
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Your patient reports rapid loss of vision in one eye, not associated with pain or trauma. Is this a medical emergency? |
Yes- this could be central retinal artery occlusion. Retinal damage occurs within 30-60 minutes of blood flow being blocked, which can lead to permanent vision deficits. |
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What is retinal detachment? |
A condition in which the retina is lifted or pulled from its normal position, resulting in a loss of vision. This is a serious emergency. |
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Who is at risk for retinal detachment? |
People with nearsightedness or who have undergone cataract removal surgery. Spontaneous detachment can be caused by changes in the vitreous humor or as a result of trauma. Patients with diabetes or sickle cell disease are more at risk. |
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What are the signs and symptoms of retinal detachment? |
Veil, curtain or a dark shadow obstructing peripheral vision. Blurred vision in the affected eye, flashes of light or floaters in the vision, no pain or redness. |
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Cerumen |
ear wax |
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Vertigo |
A spinning sensation that is not relieved by lying down and that may get worse when the eyes are closed. The bones and fluid of the inner ear are believed to be subjected to continuous vibrations from an unknown source. |
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What is Labrynthitis? |
An inflammation in the labryinth of the middle ear. |
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What is Meniere's Disease? |
A progressive condition with an unknown etiology that damages the balance and hearing parts of the inner ear. It causes progressive deafness, ringing in the ears, vertigo and pressure in the ears. |
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Tinnitus |
A quiet humming sound that never stops. It can be caused by an allergic reaction, Lyme disease, tumors, or ear diseases. Salicylate toxicity is a common cause of tinnitus. |
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What is Otitis Externa? |
AKA swimmer's ear, is redness and irritation of the external auditory canal. This presents as pain in the ear and associated tinnitus. |
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Epistaxis |
A nosebleed, can occur after trauma, high-force sneezing, or recreational drug use. Treat by having the patient lean forward, spit out any blood that goes in their mouth, and to pinch halfway between the tip and the bridge of their nose. |
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Should you remove a foreign body in the nose prehospital? |
No, this is done in the hospital or urgent care |
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Rhinitis |
AKA runny nose. |
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Thrush |
A fungal infection of the mouth characterized by scaley, white patches on the tongue and inside the mouth and throat that can become ulcers if left untreated. Can be associated with nausea, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea. Usually seen in newborns and very young children. |
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What should you do with a tooth that has fallen out unexpectedly? (due to trauma) |
Rinse the tooth in clean water and reinsert it into the socket (only if the patient is alert). If not, put the tooth in milk or a tooth saver solution and transport. |
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When should you worry about a sore throat? |
When it presents in conjunction with difficulty swallowing or breathing. |
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The aqueous humor..... |
Fills the anterior chamber of the eye |
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A constant humming in the ears is called.... |
Tinnitus |
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With this infectious process, the airway can quickly become occluded by the tongue. a)Ludwig's Angina b) Meniere's disease c) Otitis externa d) peritonsillar abscess |
Ludwig's Angina |
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Bell's palsy is often preceded by.... |
an upper respiratory infection |
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What is the "triangle of death"? |
A triangle around the nose and mouth. The blood supply in this area also goes to the cerebral blood flow. An infection in this area can be very bad because these infections can lead to an infection of the brain. (sinus, dental infections...) |
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What are 3 differentials for pain with flexion of the neck? |
Throat pain with pharyngitis, muscle pain of the neck, meningitis |
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Your paramedic unit responds to a rural area to treat a 5-year-old child. Upon arrival, the parents state that their daughter has been scratching her face and extremities since she returned home from aftercare. The patient is complaining of being “itchy” and having a burning sensation in the affected areas. Your examination reveals small pustules around the affected areas, and there is no fever. This child is most likely suffering from: |
Impetigo |
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Your paramedic unit responds to a rural area to treat a 5-year-old child. Upon arrival, the parents state that their daughter has been scratching her face and extremities since she returned home from aftercare. The patient is complaining of being “itchy” and having a burning sensation in the affected areas. Your examination finds small pustules around the affected areas, and there is no fever. Treatment should include: |
Covering the area with a non-stick dressing |
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Central retinal artery occlusion is commonly caused by: |
an embolus |
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Your patient is experiencing pain in the right periorbital area. Upon examination of the lower eyelid, you notice purulent drainage and the tissues appear red and swollen. Based on your findings you suspect: |
Conjunctivitis |
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Your patient is a 5-year-old boy whose mother states he was pushing peas into his ear. Upon examination you notice some foreign matter in the ear canal. What should you do? |
Not remove the foreign body prehospital |
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What does a patient who was hit on the side of the head by the eye, with normal mentation and normostatic vitals indicate? |
A concussion of cranial nerve 3 (not TBI) |
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Thrush is most common in: |
Newborns |
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You are called to treat a child who is experiencing shortness of breath. Upon arrival you notice that your 4-year-old patient is having obvious dyspnea, tripod positioning, and excessive drooling. The patient’s jaw seems to be jutted forward and the patient is hyperthermic. You should suspect: |
Epiglottits |
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What does it tell you if you shine a light in the right eye, and the right eye does not contstrict but the left eye does? |
The sensory function of the right eye is intact but not the motor function |
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You are working a code and someone notices the patient's eyes are fixed and dilated. you ask... did the patient get......? |
Atropine |
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A patient comes in with one blown pupil, totally normal mentation and vitals and no history of trauma. You ask them what? |
Have they been using a phenylephrine spray? |
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The eardrum separates the ________ |
outer ear from the middle ear |
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Why are ear aches associated with ear infections? |
The fluid build up in the middle ear behind the ear drum is not in a sterile environment, and is connected to the throat. Bacteria gets into the fluid that can't move and causes an infection. |
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Semi-circular canals |
Tells you where up and down is, where you are in space. Can get inflammation in here and can cause dizziness by putting pressure on the nerve. "Astro turf with golf balls rolling around" |
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Cochlea |
"snail"- a long tube that gets smaller and smaller.It has hairs that get shorter and shorter. Sound gets transmitted and causes waves along the hairs. |
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High pitched sounds are picked up by... Low pitched sounds are picked up by.... |
High pitched picked up by the short hairs. Low pitched sounds are picked up by longer hairs. |
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Cranial nerve 8 |
Positional sense and hearing sense (use the same bony chamber of fluid and hair- the vestibular cochlear) |
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What occurs after you hear a loud noise and then your ears are ringing? |
The muscle relaxes and it blunts the transmission of the noise. The tympanum becomes looser, and you hear the tympanum rattling around. |
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Difference between Impetigo and Shingles? |
Impetigo is painless, and doesn't follow dermatomes. This occurs in young children or people with poor hygiene. Shingles is very painful, occurs in older adults and follows the dermatomes. |
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How to tell MRSA |
They look like a whole bunch of spider bites/ staph skin infections. Skin poppers/ meth users get a lot of MRSA. A contagious and anti-biotic resistant staph infection. |
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Shingles |
Herpes vericeller and zoster are the same. Herpes in general live in the peripheral sensory nerves. Shingles is a flare up after emotional stress, trauma, or illness. |
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What is Herpes type 1 vs. Herpes Type 2 |
Type 1 is cold sores, type 2 is genital herpes |
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What is a big red flag regarding headaches? |
"I've never had one this bad/ This is totally different than my normal headaches" |
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Classic migraine |
Prodome (patches or rippled effect in the air), one side, throbbing, so intense you can not work with it. Thought to be an imbalance between serotonin and dopamine, but still largely unknown. Likely to have clear triggers, cause vomiting, likely to cause missing work. |
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Do not give ______ to migraines |
Opiates! Give antiemetics (not Zofran- because it blocks serotonin) |
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Cluster headaches |
A subset of migraine headaches, pain behind one eye, excruiciating pain, eye may be tearing, puffy, and red. Can occur once or twice a day at the same time every day. Occurs for 2-6 weeks, at the same time each year, can be associated with a change in season. Responds on 100% oxygen. |
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What is a "scary" headache? |
Hemorrhagic CVA, Meningitis, Chronic, Progressive headaches, Post-coital headache, Tumor, Trauma, Sudden/Worse/Different, Carotid/Vertebral aortic dissection, CO poisoning |
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What is not a scary headache? |
Tension, Eye strain, Depression, Neuralgias, Brain freeze, migraine/ cluster headache, sinus, TMJ, Hormonal/Menstrual, |
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Psuedotumor cerebri |
Woman aged 15-30, obese, likely near her period with altered vision. Will be recurrent, untreated can lead to strokes or blindness. Treatment is taking out some cerebral spinal fluid |
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Central vs. Peripheral Vertigo |
Central-Injuries to the balance center of the CNS, usually a lesion of the brainstem or cerebellum. Often has neurologic deficits and nystagmus
Peripheral- Caused by problems with the inner ear or vestibular system (the semi circle canals). |
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Lumbar puncture headache |
Post lumbar puncture, very positional, and can be described as their head exploding. |
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Ludwig's Angina |
Infection with swelling of the tongue and mouth. Potentially life threatening due to airway obstruction by the tongue. *True medical emergency* Tender, red swelling under the chin up to the side of the neck. Tongue will be swollen and pushed up against the roof of the mouth. |
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Hallmarks of Cellulitis |
Warm to the touch, tender, red, and swelling |
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Causes of conjunctivitis |
Pink eye, gonorrhea, allergies, |
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Cilliary flush/ Limbic flush |
Redness surrounding the iris, indicates the infection is deeper than the conjuncta |
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Shingles conjunctivitis |
Will not cross the mid-line of the face, if you see shingles on the upper right side of the face/tip of the nose---- assume he has shingles in his conjunctiva, which is an emergency because it can cause blindness. |
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What is UV conjunctivitis? |
"Sunburn of the conjunctiva", "snow blindness", severe pain in both eyes.Tape eyes shut (for 24 hours), consider opiates, education. |
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Treatment for a chalzaion/ Stye? |
Warm compress, may need to be lanced. |
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"I went to go see a movie. When I walked into the theatre I got a terrible headache, nausea, and abdominal pain." What do you suspect? |
Glaucoma- When the pupil dilates, iris becomes thicker, which blocks the canal. You get increased pressure in the canal of Schlemm. Hallmark- Sudden onset of a headache when entering a dark room+ headache+ abdominal pain |
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Treatment for Ludwig's Angina |
Racemic epi, steroids for inflammation, consider intubation (oral or nasal), cric (absolutely last option-can cause necrotizing fascitis of the neck) |
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Vincent's Angina |
Hallitosis, can be due to meth use, aka trench mouth.
Gums are visibly rotting, smell overpoweringly bad, can be treated with removal of their teeth and part of their jaw.
Can get septic really fast |
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Is narrow or wide angle glaucoma acute onset and a medical emergency? |
Narrow angle |
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Petechiae in the pharynx in a kiddo=?
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Strong evidence for sepsis |
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Why is stridor an inhale sound? |
Trying to squeeze air in through a small passageway |
