Head And Neck Superficial And Deep Neck

Front 1

what are the two portions of the cervical nerve plexus?
what nerve components are in each?

Back 1

Superficial portion (all sensory)
-GSA
Deep portion (ansa cervicalis) (all motor)
-GSE

Front 2

what are the four superficial nerves of the cervical nerve plexus?

Back 2

1. Great auricular N.
2. Lesser occipital N.
3. Transverse Cervical N.
4. Supraclavicular Nerves
-Anterior, Middle, Posterior

Front 3

where does the ansa cervicalis come from (nerves)?
what does it innervate?

Back 3

branches of C1-C4

innervates:
1. ALL infrahyoid muscles
2. Geniohyoid

Front 4

what vein passes directly on top of Sternocleidomastoid?

Back 4

External Jugular

Front 5

What structures does the carotid sheath envelope?
where is it found?

Back 5

envelopes:
1. common carotid a.
2. Internal Jugular v.
3. Vagus Nerve

found underneath sternocleidomastoid muscle

Front 6

what nerve is found directly posterior to the cervical nerve plexus?

Back 6

Spinal accessory nerve
-innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Front 7

what muscle(s) is/are found behind the sternohyoid m?

Back 7

sternothyroid m.
thyrohyoid m.
(both connect to oblique line of thyroid cartilage)

Front 8

what nerves do the superficial nerves of the cervical plexus come from?

Back 8

great auricular - C2 and C3
Lesser occipital - C2 and C3
Transverse Cervical - C2 and C3
Supraclavicular n. - C3 and C4

Front 9

name the four major cervical fasciae and their individual portions.

Back 9

Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
-superficial (investing layer)
-Middle (pretracheal layer)
(Muscular and visceral portion)
-Deep (prevertebral layer)
Alar fascia
Carotid sheath

Front 10

What is the space in between the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the prevertebral layer of the deep fascia called? (2 names)

Back 10

Retropharyngeal space

Danger space (because if something gets in it it can travel to thorax)

Front 11

what are the two portions of the middle layer of the deep cervical fascia?
what is the middle layer also called?

Back 11

Muscular layer
-around strap muscles
Visceral layer
-around esophagus and trachea

also called the pretracheal layer (even though it surrounds the trachea AND the esophagus)

Front 12

where is the superficial cervical fascia found and what does it usually contain?

Back 12

directly under the skin
usually contains fat for cushioning of arteries and nerves in it.

Front 13

what does the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia surround?

Back 13

the vertebral column muscles

Front 14

which muscles are the only ones found in the superficial fascia?
which particular muscle is found in the superficial cervical fascia of neck?

Back 14

Muscles of facial expression
(innervated by CN VII)

Platysma

Front 15

what are the 9 neck muscles that make up the posterior group?

Back 15

Trapezius
Splenius Capitus
Semispinalis capitus
longissimus capitus
scalenus anterior
scalenus middle
scalenus posterior
longus capitis
longus colli
(trapezius, 3 capitus, 3 scalenus, 2 longus)

Front 16

what are the three major groups of anterior neck muscles?

Back 16

1. sternocleidomastoid
2. suprahyoid
3. infrahyoid (all innervated by ansa cervicalis C1-4, with geniohyoid)

Front 17

what are the 5 suprahyoid neck muscles?

which is/are supplied by ansa cervicalis?

Back 17

Hyoglossus
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid
(Humane strong men Do Good)

Geniohyoid

Front 18

what are the two branches of the ansa cervicalis?

Back 18

descendus cervicalis
descendus hypoglossi

Front 19

What are the four infrahyoid muscles?
what are they innervated by?

Back 19

1. Thyrohyoid
2. Omohyoid
3. Sternohyoid
4. Sternothyroid

all innervated by Ansa Cervicalis (C1-4) along with Geniohyoid

Front 20

what are the two major triangles of the neck?
what splits them?

Back 20

1. Anterior cervical triangle
2. Posterior cervical triangle

split by sternocleidomastoid m.

Front 21

what are the two subtriangles of the posterior cervical triangle?
what splits them?

Back 21

1. Subclavian (supraclavicular, minor vascular) triangle
2. Occipital triangle

split by inferior belly of omohyoid m.

Front 22

what are the four subtriangles in the anterior cervical triangle?

Back 22

1. submental triangle
2. submandibular (digastric) triangle
3. carotid (major vascular )triangle
4. muscular (visceral) triangle

Front 23

what are the borders of the occipital triangle?

Back 23

1. sternocleidomastoid
2. trapezius
3. inferior belly of omohyoid

Front 24

what are the borders of the subclavian (supraclavicular, minor vascular) triangle?

Back 24

1. clavicle
2. inferior belly of omohyoid
3. sternocleidomastoid

Front 25

what are the borders of the submental triangle?

Back 25

1. midline of neck (mylohyoid raphe)
2. hyoid bone
3. ant. belly of digastricus

Front 26

what are the borders of the submandibular triangle? what is it also called?

Back 26

1. ant. belly of digastricus
2. post. belly of digastricus
3. lateral border of mandible

also called digastric triangle bc it's bordered by both bellies of digastricus

Front 27

what are the borders of the carotid triangle?
what is it also called?

Back 27

1. sternocleidomastoid
2. post. belly of digastricus
3. superior belly of omohyoid

also called major vascular triangle (bc carotid)

Front 28

what are the borders of the muscular triangle?
what is it also called?

Back 28

1. midline of neck
2. hyoid bone
3. sternocleidomastoid
4. superior belly of omohyoid

also called visceral triangle

Front 29

what are the four components of occipital cervical triangle?

Back 29

1. superficial cervical nerves
2. spinal accessory nerve
3. occipital a. and v.
4. posterior portion of external jugular v.

Front 30

what are the two components of subclavian cervical triangle?

Back 30

1. subclavian a. and v.
2. supraclavicular nerves

Front 31

what are the 5 contents of the submandibular cervical triangle?

Back 31

1. submandibular gland
2. submandibular lymph node
3. facial a. and v.
4. lingual a. and v.
5. hypoglossal nerve

Front 32

what two things travel along the hyoglossus muscle?

Back 32

1. lingual artery (medial side)
2. hypoglossal nerve (lateral side)

Front 33

what are the 8 contents of the carotid triangle?

Back 33

1. Internal carotid a.
2. External carotid a.
3. Common carotid a.
4. facial a. and v.
5. Lingual a. and v.
6. internal jugular v.
7. vagus n.
8. Hypoglossal n.

Front 34

what are the three contents of the submental cervical triangle?

Back 34

1. submental a. and v.
2. submental lymph node
3. mylohyoid nerve

Front 35

what are the 7 contents of the muscular cervical triangle?

Back 35

1. infrahyoid muscles
2. larynx
3. trachea
4. thyroid gland
5. superior and inferior thyroid a. and v.
6. superior laryngeal nerve (off vagus, mostly sensory)
7. recurrant laryngeal nerve (off vagus by brachicephalic artery, goes to muscles of voicebox)

Front 36

what three muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?

Back 36

1. rectus capitis posterior major
2. obliquus capitis superior
3. obliquus capitis inferior

(innervated by suboccipital nerve)

Front 37

where does the suboccipital nerve originate from?

Back 37

posterior rami of C1 (only motor)

Front 38

what are the four muscles of hte suboccipital triangle?
what are the two other contents?

Back 38

1. Rectus capitis posterior major
2. rectus capitis posterior minor
3. Obliquus capitis superior
4. Obliquus capitis inferior

1. Vertebral a. and n.
2. suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)

Front 39

what are the five deep muscles of the neck?

Back 39

1. Scalenus anterior
2. Scalenus middle
3. Scalenus posterior
4. Longus capitis
5. Longus colli

Front 40

what is the origin and insertion of trapezius?

Back 40

origin: external occipital protuberance
insertion: scapular spine

Front 41

what comes between the anterior and middle scalenes?

Back 41

1. brachial plexus
2. subclavian artery

Front 42

is the longus capitis or longus colli longer?
what do they both run along the side of?

Back 42

longus colli

spinal column

Front 43

what is origin and insertion of longus colli?

Back 43

origin: bodies of C1-C8 and T1-T3
insertion: anterior tubercles of transverse processes

Front 44

what is origin and insertion of longus capitis?

Back 44

origin: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-6
insertion: inferior part of basilar part of occipital bone

Front 45

what is origin and insertion of scalenus anterior?

Back 45

O: Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-6
I: inner border of 1st rib

Front 46

what is the origin and insertion of scalenus middle?

Back 46

O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C8
I: upper border of 1st rib

Front 47

what is the origin and insertion of scalenus posterior?

Back 47

O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C6-8
I: outer surface of 2nd rib (behind serratus anterior)

Front 48

which scalenes attach to 1st rib?
which scalenes attach to 2nd rib?

Back 48

1st: anterior and medius
2nd: posterior

Front 49

most of the muscles of the neck are innervated by what?
what are the exceptions?

Back 49

most are innervated by posterior rami of C2-8

exception:
1. trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid are innervated by CN XI
2. suboccipital muscles are innervated by C1

Front 50

where does the greater occipital N. branch from?

Back 50

C2-3

Front 51

what are the sensory branches to the back of the scalp?

Back 51

1. Greater occipital N. (C2-3)
2. Lesser occipital N. (C2)
3. Third occipital N. (C3)

Front 52

the hypoglossal N. runs laterally to and the Lingual A. runs medially to what?

Back 52

Hyoglossus muscle

Front 53

what two structures run along side the hyoglossus muscle?

Back 53

Medial - Lingual A.
Lateral - Hypoglossal N. (XI)

Front 54

where is the ansa cervicalis in regards to the carotid sheath?

Back 54

just on the outside of it

Front 55

what is the name of the muscular layer that is between the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone?
what runs through it?

Back 55

thyrohyoid membrane

internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (branch of X)

Front 56

what is the superior laryngeal nerve a branch of?
what are its branches and where do they go?

Back 56

branch of CN X (vagus)

branches:
1. Internal laryngeal - goes through thyrohyoid membrane to innervate mucosa of larynx
2. External laryngeal - goes inferiorly to innervate cricothyroid muscle

Front 57

what nerve fiber types are in the internal laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal n.?
External laryngeal branch?

Back 57

SVA
GSA

SVE

Front 58

what is the name of the ganglion that contains all the cell bodies of the Sympathetic Nerves in the head and neck?

Back 58

Superior cervical ganglion

Front 59

what are the three main ganglia of the sympathetic trunk in neck?

Back 59

Superior cervical ganglion
Middle cervical ganglioin
Inferior cervical ganglion

Front 60

what is the name of the condition where there is an interuption in the sympathetic N. to the head, causing droopy eye, dilation of BVs, etc.?

Back 60

Horner's syndrome

Front 61

where is the highest valve in body?

Back 61

where the subclavian vein meets the internal jugular vein

Front 62

where is the external jugular vein found?

Back 62

on top of sternocleidomastoid

Front 63

The common facial vein and retromandibular vein come together to form what?

Back 63

Internal Jugular vein

Front 64

what is the jugular arch?

Back 64

the arch in the middle of the neck just above the sternum that connects the two anterior jugular veinsq

Front 65

where does the brachial plexus stem from?

Back 65

C5
C6
C7
C8
T1

Front 66

what are the five major divisions of the brachial plexus?

Back 66

Rami
Trunks
Divisions
Chords
Branches
(Robert Traylor drinks cold beer)

Front 67

what are the three main branches off the subclavian artery to the neck?

Back 67

1. Vertebral
2. Thyrocervical Trunk
3. Costocervical Trunk

Front 68

what are the branches of the vertebral branch of the subclavian artery?

Back 68

There are none

Front 69

what are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery?

Back 69

1. Suprascapular Artery
2. Transverse Cervical artery
3. Inferior thyroid artery
a. ascending cervical

Front 70

what are the branches of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery?

Back 70

1. superior intercostal
-b/w 1st and 2nd rib
2. Deep cervical

Front 71

what is the point called where the subclavian artery turns into the axial artery?

Back 71

thoracocranial trunk

Front 72

what two things run on top of anterior scalene?

Back 72

1. Phrenic Nerve (C3, 4, 5)
2. Subclavian Vein

Front 73

what are the branches of the internal carotid artery?

Back 73

there are none outside of skull!

Front 74

what are the two terminal branches of the External carotid Artery?

Back 74

1. Maxillary artery
2. Superficial Temporal artery

Front 75

what are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery?

Back 75

1. superior thyroid
a. middle thyroid
2. Lingual
3. Facial
a. submental
4. ascending pharyngeal
5. occipital
6. posterior auricular
7. superficial temporal
8. maxillary

Front 76

on the right side, where do the common carotid and subclavian arteries branch off?
On the left side?

Back 76

Right: off brachiocephalic
Left: directly off aortic arch

Front 77

what is the structure where the internal and external carotid arteries bifurcate?

Back 77

carotid sinus

Front 78

what two veins come together to form the common facial vein?

Back 78

Retromandibular and Facial veins

Front 79

the veins running alongside most of the external carotid branches drain into what?

Back 79

The INTERNAL jugular

Front 80

what are the two major characteristics of the cervical vertebrae?
which don't have one of these characteristics?

Back 80

1. Bifid Spine
2. Transverse Processes

C1 = no spine (just a post. tubercle
C7 = blunted spine (not bifid)

Front 81

what is another name for C1?
What is another name for C2?

Back 81

Atlas

Axis

Front 82

what is unique about the Axis (C2 vertebrae)

Back 82

odontoid process (dens)

Front 83

which cervical vertebrae does not have a body?

Back 83

C1 (atlas)

Front 84

what are the five main parts of the cervical vertebrae?

Back 84

Body
Pedicle
Lamina
Spinous process
Transverse process

Front 85

which cervical vertebrae contains a facet for dens (odontoid tubercle)

Back 85

Atlas (C1)

Front 86

what ligament runs anterior to body of vertebrae?
what does it turn into at the head?

Back 86

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

turns into the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane (bc it joins the atlas and the occipital bone)

Front 87

what ligament runs posterior to the bodies of the vertebrae?
what does it turn into at the head?

Back 87

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

turns into the Tectorial membrane

Front 88

which ligament becomes the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane?

Back 88

suprispinous ligament

Front 89

what does the supraspinous ligament turn into more superiorly?

Back 89

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Front 90

which ligament helps hold C1 and C2 to the occipital bone (base of skull)?

Back 90

Cruciate Ligament

Front 91

what forms the posterior articulation for odontoid process?
what forms the anterior articulation?

Back 91

Transverse portion of the cruciate ligament

Odontoid tubercle of atlas

Front 92

what do the alar ligaments do?

Back 92

go from odontoid process to sides of foramen magnum

Front 93

what are the three main functions of the cruciate ligament?

Back 93

1. protects the spinal cord from being crushed by the vertebrae by holding the odontoid process tight to atlas
2. allows side to side movement of head
3. firmly attaches atlas and axis to occipital bone