Head And Neck P. 321-335

Front 1

what's the posterior triangle bounded by?

Back 1

SCM, trapezius, clavicle

Front 2

what forms the roof and floor of the posterior triangle?

Back 2

roof: platysma, deep cervical fascia
floor: splenius capitis, levator scapulae, anterior, middle, and superior scalene muscles

Front 3

what are the vascular contents of the posterior triangle?

Back 3

external jugular v, transverse cervical vessels, suprascapular vessels, subclavian v (sometimes), subclavian a,

Front 4

what are the n contents of posterior triangle?

Back 4

roots/trunks of brachial plexus, accessory n, cutaneous br of cervical plexus, n to subclavius, dorsal scapular n, suprascapular n, long thoracic n

Front 5

what are the muscular contents of posterior triangle?

Back 5

posterior/inferior belly of omohyoid

Front 6

how is the posterior triangle divided?

Back 6

omohyoid posterior belly divides it into occipital triangle and subclavian (supraclavicular or omoclavicular) triangle

Front 7

what's the anterior triangle bounded by?

Back 7

SCM, anterior midline of neck, mandible

Front 8

what forms roof of anterior triangle?

Back 8

platysma and investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Front 9

hos is the anterior triangle divided?

Back 9

divided by omohyoid anterior belly and digastric anterior and posterior bellies into : digastric (submandibular) triangle, submental (suprahyoid) triangle, carotid triangle, muscular (inferior carotid) triangle

Front 10

which neck muscles DON'T attach to hyoid bone?

Back 10

sternothyroid, styloglossus

Front 11

what's the styloid process?

Back 11

slender projection of variable length and extends down and forward from TEMPORAL BONE

Front 12

what is accessory n formed by?

Back 12

union of cranial and spinal roots

Front 13

where do cranial roots and spinal roots of accessory n come from?

Back 13

cranial: medulla oblongata below vagus roots
spinal roots: lateral part of cervical segment of spinal cord b/w C1 and C3 or (C1 and C7)

Front 14

which part of accessory n passes thru foramen magnum?

Back 14

spinal

Front 15

what innerv SCM?

Back 15

spinal accessory n; C2-C8 (sensory)

Front 16

what are the cervical muscles of the neck?

Back 16

platysma and SCM

Front 17

what are the suprahyoid muscles of the neck?

Back 17

digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid

Front 18

what are the infrahyoid muscles of the neck?

Back 18

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid

Front 19

what innerv digastric?

Back 19

posterior belly by facial n
anterior belly by mylohyoid n of trigeminal n

Front 20

what innerv mylohyoid?

Back 20

mylohyoid n of trigeminal n

Front 21

what muscles of neck are innerv by facial n?

Back 21

platysma
stylohyoid
post belly of digastric

Front 22

what muscles of neck are innerv by C1 via hypoglossal n?

Back 22

geniohyoid, thyrohyoid

Front 23

what muscles of neck are innerv by ansa cervicalis?

Back 23

omohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid

Front 24

both the spinal and cranial parts of accessory n go thru what hole?

Back 24

jugular foramen

Front 25

what does cranial part of accessory n innev?

Back 25

soft palate, pharyngeal constrictors, larynx

Front 26

what's the action of platysma?

Back 26

depresses lower jaw and lip and angle of mouth; wrinkles neck skin

Front 27

what's the action of SCM?

Back 27

singly turns face toward opposite side; together flex head, raise thorax

Front 28

what's the action of digastric?

Back 28

elevates hyoid and floor of mouth; depresses mandible

Front 29

what's the action of mylohyoid?

Back 29

elevates hyoid and floor of mouth; depresses mandible

Front 30

what's the action of stylohyoid?

Back 30

elevates hyoid

Front 31

what's the action of geniohyoid?

Back 31

elevates hyoid and floor of mouth

Front 32

what's the action of sternohyoid?

Back 32

depresses hyoid and larynx

Front 33

what's the action of sternothyroid?

Back 33

depresses hyoid and larynx
typo? it doesn't even touch hyoid

Front 34

what's the action of thyrohyoid?

Back 34

depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

Front 35

what's the action of omohyoid?

Back 35

depresses and retracts hyoid and larynx

Front 36

what happens if you get a lesion of accessory n in neck?

Back 36

denervates trapezius --> atrophy of muscle --> downward displacement or drooping of shoulder

Front 37

what nn form cervical plexus?

Back 37

C1-C4

Front 38

what nn make up the cutaneous br of the cervical plexus?

Back 38

lesser occipital n (C2), great auricular n (C2-C3), transverse cervical n(C2-C3), supraclavicular n (C3-C4)

Front 39

what nn make up the motor br of the cervical plexus?

Back 39

ansa cervicalis, phrenic n (C3, C4, C5), twigs from plexus, accessory phrenic n (C5)

Front 40

what n is a n loop formed by union of superior root and inferior root?

Back 40

ansa cervicalis (superior : C1 or C1 + C2; descendens hypoglossi) and inferior: C2 + C3 (descendens cervicalis)

Front 41

what does the ansa cervicalis innerv?

Back 41

infrahyoid (strap) muscles: omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid except: thyrohyoid

Front 42

what n lies superficial to or w/I carotid sheath in anterior cervical triangle?

Back 42

ansa cervicalis

Front 43

what type of n fibers does phrenic have?

Back 43

motor, sensory, symp

Front 44

what does phrenic n innerv?

Back 44

motor --> diaphragm; sensory to central part of diaphragm

Front 45

what do twigs from plexus supply?

Back 45

longus capitis and cervicis or colli, SCM, trapezius, levator scapula, and scalene

Front 46

what's brachial plexus formed by? What muscles does it pass b/w?

Back 46

union of VPR of C5-T1; anterior scalene and middle scalene

Front 47

what n do brachial plexus n roots give rise to in neck?

Back 47

dorsal scapular n (C5) and long thoracic n (C5, C6, C7)

Front 48

what does the dorsal scapular n innerv?

Back 48

levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles

Front 49

what does the long thoracic n innerv?

Back 49

serratus anterior

Front 50

what n does brachial plexus upper trunk give rise to in neck?

Back 50

suprascapular n (C5, C6) and n to subclavius muscle (C5)

Front 51

how does the n to subclavius muscle comm w/ phrenic many times?

Back 51

as accessory phrenic n

Front 52

where does subclavian a originate from?

Back 52

on right: brachiocephalic trunk on left: arch of aorta

Front 53

what are the subclavian a's branches?

Back 53

vertebral a, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic a, costocervical trunk, dorsal (descending) scapular a

Front 54

what a comes from 1st part of subclavian a and ascends b/w anterior scalene and longus colli muscle?

Back 54

vertebral a

Front 55

vertebral a ascends thru transverse foramina of …

Back 55

C1-C6, winds around superior articular process of atlas and passes thru foramen manum into cranial cavity

Front 56

what a does the thyrocervical trunk divide into?

Back 56

inferior thyroid a, transverse cervical a, suprascapular a

Front 57

what a does the inferior thyroid a give rise to? What does this a ascend w/?

Back 57

ascending cervical a .. w/ phrenic n

Front 58

what important n and a relationship is there w/ ligament? Suprascapular a

Back 58

a goes over superior transverse scapular ligament, n goes under
army over, navy under

Front 59

what's neurovascular compression syndrome?

Back 59

symptoms of n compression of brachial plexus and subclavian vessels; caused by abnormal insertion of anterior and middle scalene muscles and by cervical rib (cartilaginous accessory rib att to vertebra C7

Front 60

what's subclavian steal syndrome?

Back 60

cerebral and brainstem ischemia caused by reversal of blood flow from basilar a thru vertebral a into subclavian a in presence of occlusive disease of subclavian a proximal to origin of vertebral a; when very little blood flow thru vertebral a, may steal blood from carotid, circle of Willis and basilar circulation and divert it thru vertebral a into subclavian a and into arm, causing vertebrobasilar insufficiency and brainstem ischemia and stroke

Front 61

where does the right common carotid a begin?

Back 61

bifurcation of brachiocephalic a

Front 62

where deos left common carotid a begin?

Back 62

aortic arch

Front 63

what do common carotid aa divide into?

Back 63

external and internal carotid aa

Front 64

where's the carotid body receptor?

Back 64

at bifurcation @ common carotid a as ovoid body

Front 65

what's carotid body's purpose?

Back 65

chemoreceptor stim by chem change (ex: lack of O2, excess CO2, inc [H+]) in circulating blood ; help control respiration

Front 67

where does n to carotid body come from?

Back 67

pharyngeal br of vagus n

Front 68

what's the carotid sinus?

Back 68

spindle-shaped dilatation at origin of internal carotid a

Front 69

what's carotid sinus' purpose?

Back 69

baroreceptor (pressoreceptor) stim by changes in blood pressure; when stim, causes slowing of heart rate, vasodilation and decrease in bp

Front 70

what innerv carotid sinus? carotid body?

Back 70

carotid sinus:
carotid sinus br of glossopharyngeal n, n to carotid body of vagus n

carotid body: n to carotid body of vagus n and carotid sinus branch of glossopharyngeal n

Front 71

what's carotid sinus syncope?

Back 71

temp loss of consciousness or fainting caused by diminshed cerebral blood flow; results from hypersensitivity of carotid sinus; attacks may be produced by pressure on sensitive carotid sinus by taking carotid pulse near superior border of thyroid cartilage

Front 72

what does internal carotid a ascend in carotid sheath w/?

Back 72

vagus n and internal jugular v

Front 73

how does internal carotid a enter cranium?

Back 73

carotid canal in petrous part of temporal bone

Front 74

what's the circle of Willis formed by?

Back 74

posterior cerebral, posterior communicating, internal carotid, anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries

Front 75

what are the branches of the external carotid a?

Back 75

superior thyroid a, lingual a, facial a, ascending pharyngeal a, occipital a, posterior auricular a, maxillary a, superficial temporal a

Front 76

what br does superior thyroid a give rise to?

Back 76

infrahyoid, SCM, superior laryngeal, cricothyroid, glandular br

Front 77

what br does lingual a give rise to?

Back 77

suprahyoid, dorsal lingual, sublingual, deep lingual

Front 78

how does facial a enter face?

Back 78

hooks around lower border of mandible @ anterior margin of masseter

Front 79

what bone does occipital a associate w/?

Back 79

groove on mastoid process

Front 80

what br does posterior auricular a give rise to?

Back 80

stylomastoid
auricular
occipital

Front 81

what v is formed by the superficial temporal v and maxillary v?

Back 81

retromandibular v

Front 82

what does superficial temporal a accomany as it ascends in front of external acoustic meatus?

Back 82

auriculotemporal n
superficial temporal v

Front 83

what is temporal (giant cell) arteritis?

Back 83

granulomatous inflammation w/ multinucleated giant cells, affecting medium-sized arteries, esp TEMPORAL A

Front 84

what do retromandibular v's branches join to form?

Back 84

anterior: joins facial v to make common facial v
posterior: joins posterior auricular v to make external jugular v

Front 85

what forms external jugular v?

Back 85

union of posterior auricular v and retromandibular v (posterior br)

Front 86

what v does the external jugular v receive?

Back 86

suprascapular v
transverse cervical v
anterior jugular v

Front 87

how does internal jugular v begin and end?

Back 87

begins: in jugular foramen as continuation of sigmoid sinus
ends: brachiocephalic v

Front 88

what v does internal jugular v receive?

Back 88

facial v
lingual v
superior thyroid v
middle thyroid v

Front 89

what strucs are at beginning and end of internal jugular v?

Back 89

beginning: superior bulb
end; inferior bulb

Front 90

what are the superficial lymph nodes of the head?

Back 90

occipital
retroauricular
parotid
buccal (facial)
submandibular
submental
superficial cervical

Front 91

where do superficial lymph nodes receive lymph from? where do they drain into?

Back 91

from: face, scalp and ear
to? deep cervical nodes

Front 92

what nodes does the middle ear drain into?

Back 92

retropharyngeal
upper deep cervical

Front 93

what nodes does nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses drain into?

Back 93

retropharyngeal
upper deep cervical
submandibular

Front 94

what nodes does tongue drain into?

Back 94

upper and lower cervical
submental
submandibular

Front 95

what nodes does larynx drain into?

Back 95

upper and lower deep cervical

Front 96

what nodes does pharynx drain into?

Back 96

retropharyngeal
upper and lower deep cervical

Front 97

what nodes does thyroid gland drain into?

Back 97

lower deep cervical
prelaryngeal
pretracheal
paratracheal

Front 98

where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes?

Back 98

along external jugular v in posterior triangle and
along anterior jugular v in anterior triangle

Front 99

what do superficial cervical lymph nodes drain into?

Back 99

deep cervical nodes (including jugulodigastric and jugulo-omohyoid nodes)

Front 100

what are the 2 categories of deep cervical lymph nodes?

Back 100

superior deep cervical nodes
inferior deep cervical nodes

Front 101

where do superior deep cervical nodes lie along?

Back 101

internal jugular v in carotid triangle of neck

Front 102

what does superior deep cervical nodes receive afferent lymphatics from?

Back 102

back of head and neck
tongue
palate
nasal cavity
larynx
pharynx
trachea
thyroid gland
esophagus

Front 103

when efferent vessels of superior deep cervical nodes join inferior deep cervical nodes, what's formed?

Back 103

jugular trunk

Front 104

where does the jugular trunk empty out?

Back 104

left: thoracic duct
right: junc of internal jugular v and subclavian v

Front 105

where do the inferior deep cervical nodes lie along?

Back 105

internal jugular v near subclavian v

Front 106

where do the inferior deep cervical nodes receive afferent lymphatics from?

Back 106

anterior jugular
transverse cervical
apical axillary

Front 107

where does the trachea begin?

Back 107

inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6)

Front 108

how many rings does trachea have? describe.

Back 108

16-20 incomplete hyaline cartilaginous rings that open posteriorly to prevent trachea from collapsing

Front 109

where does esophagus begin? descends where?

Back 109

at lower border of pharynx at level of cricoid cartilage (C6) and descends b/w trachea and vertebral column

Front 110

what's the sphincter of upper esophageal opening? when is it closed?

Back 110

cricopharyngeal muscle = sphincter
stays closed except during deglutition (swallowing) and emesis (vomiting)

Front 111

what innerv esophagus? what's the blood supply?

Back 111

innerv: recurrent laryngeal nn
sympathetic trunks
blood: br of inferior thyroid aa

Front 112

what supplies the thyroid gland blood supply?

Back 112

superior thyroid a
inferior thyroid a
thyroid ima a (inconsistent br from brachiocephalic trunk)
drains: superior thyroid v and middle thyroid v to internal jugular v
AND inferior thyroid v to brachiocephalic v

Front 113

what's vulnerable to injury during thyroidectomy or tracheotomy?

Back 113

thyroid ima artery
inferior thyroid v
hemorrhage from injury of anterior jugular v
nerve paralysis of recurrent laryngeal nn
pneumothorax (from damage of cervical dome of pleura; happens mostly in kids b/c of high level of pleura)
esophageal injury (immediately posterior to trachea: common in infants)

Front 114

what's the blood supply to parathyroid glands?

Back 114

inferior thyroid a

Front 115

what can be injured in cricothyrotomy?

Back 115

anterior jugular veins

Front 116

what's thyroid cartilage?

Back 116

hyaline cartilage that forms laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)
superior horn joined at tip of greater horn of hyoid bone by lateral thyroid ligament and inferior horn that articulates w/ cricoid cartilage

Front 117

where does vagus n run thru and what does it give off?

Back 117

runs thru jugular foramen
vagus --> superior laryngeal n --> divides into --> external laryngeal n + internal laryngeal n

Front 118

what does external laryngeal n run w/? internal laryngeal n?

Back 118

external laryngeal n runs w/ superior thyroid a
internal laryngeal n runs w/ superior laryngeal a

Front 119

what does the external laryngeal n innerv?

Back 119

cricothyroid
inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Front 120

what does internal laryngeal n innerv?

Back 120

sensory to larynx above vocal cord and taste fibers to epiglottis

Front 121

what type of fibers does symp trunk have?

Back 121

pregang and postgang symp fibers
cell bodies of postgang symp
visceral afferent fibers w/ cell bodies in upper thoracic DRG

Front 122

what ganglia does symp trunk have?

Back 122

superior cervical ganglion
middle cervical ganglion
inferior cervical ganglion
ansa subclavia

Front 123

what fibers does superior cervical ganglion contain?

Back 123

cell bodies of postgang symp fibers that pass to visceral strucs of head and neck

Front 124

what nn does superior cervical ganglion give rise to?

Back 124

internal carotid n --> internal carotid plexus
external carotid n --> external carotid plexus
pharyngeal br that join pharyngeal br of glossopharyngeal and vagus nn to form pharyngeal plexus
superior cervical cardiac n to heart

Front 125

what n does middle cervical ganglion give rise to?

Back 125

middle cervical cardiac n: largest of 3 cervical symp cardiac nn

Front 126

what n does inferior cervical ganglion give rise to?

Back 126

inferior cervical cardiac n

Front 127

what ganglion does inferior cervical ganglion fuse w/?

Back 127

fuses w/ 1st thoracic ganglion to become cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion

Front 128

where is thoracic duct?

Back 128

ascends thru posterior mediastinum b/w aorta and azygos v

Front 129

When the Bogeyman goes to sleep every night, he checks the closet for Chuck Norris

Back 129

There is no chin under Chuck Norris' beard. There is only another fist.