Head And Neck Muscles

Front 1

Occipitalis

Back 1

Pulls skull back

Front 2

Frontalis

Back 2

Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Front 3

Orbicularis oculi

Back 3

Elliptical muscle around orbital opening

Hint 3

Closes eyelids

Front 4

Corrugator supercilii

Back 4

Medial to eyebrow

Hint 4

Draws eyebrows together, as in a frown

Front 5

Procerus

Back 5

Vertically on either side of nose

Hint 5

Pulls skin of nose upward, wrinkling over bridge of nose

Front 6

Nasalis

Back 6

Transverse part (compressor naris) and alar part (dilator naris)

Hint 6

Compresses or dilates nose

Front 7

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris

Back 7

Upper lip and sides of nose

Hint 7

Raise and evert upper lip & corner of mouth

Front 8

Depressor septi

Back 8

Assist dilator naris

Front 9

Risorius & zygomaticus (major & minor)

Back 9

Retract and raise corner of mouth as in a smile

Front 10

Depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris and mentalis

Back 10

Depress lower lip and corner of mouth producing doubt/sadness. Mentalis alone produces a pout

Front 11

Orbicularis oris

Back 11

Elliptical muscle surrounding mouth

Hint 11

Closes lips and purses them for blowing

Front 12

Buccinator

Back 12

Muscle of the cheek

Hint 12

Compresses cheek against the teeth and is blowing muscle

Front 13

Platysma

Back 13

Muscle of the neck, upper part of thorax to lower border of mandible and lower lip

Hint 13

Tightens the skin of the neck, draws down lower lip and corner of mouth, producing a grimace

Front 14

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 14

Orig: MEDIAL/STERNAL HEAD from upper anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
LATERAL/CLAVICULAR HEAD from upper surface of medial third of clavicle

Ins: Lateral surface of mastoid process

Hint 14

Action: BILATERALLY, extends head and OA joints and flexes neck
UNILATERALLY side bends head and neck to same side and rotates to opposite side

N: Ventral rami of C2,3,4 and CN XI

Front 15

Digastric

Back 15

Orig & Ins: ANTERIOR BELLY attaches to digastric fossa of mandible
POSTERIOR BELLY attaches to mastoid notch of temporal bone

Hint 15

Action: Elevates the hyoid(and base of tongue and larynx) OR depresses mandible

N: V3 (anterior belly) and facial nerve (posterior belly)

Front 16

Stylohyoid

Back 16

Orig: Base of styloid process

Ins: Body of hyoid

Hint 16

Action: Elevates the hyoid(and base of tongue and larynx) OR depresses mandible

N: Facial n.

Front 17

Mylohyoid

Back 17

Orig: Mylohyoid line of mandible

Ins: Body of hyoid and median fibrous raphe between mylohyoid muscles

Hint 17

Action: Elevates the hyoid(and base of tongue and larynx) OR depresses mandible

N: V3 (mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar n.)

Front 18

Geniohyoid

Back 18

Orig: Inferior mental spine of mandible

Ins: Body of hyoid

Hint 18

Action: Elevates the hyoid(and base of tongue and larynx) OR depresses mandible

N: Branch of ventral ramus of C1

Front 19

Sternohyoid

Back 19

Orig: Back of upper part of manubrium of sternum

Ins: Lower border of body of hyoid

Hint 19

Action: During swallowing depresses the hyoid and larynx after elevation by the suprahyoid muscles

N: Ansa cervicales

Front 20

Omohyoid

Back 20

Orig & Ins: SUPERIOR BELLY attaches to lower border of body of hyoid
INFERIOR BELLY attaches to upper border of scapula medial to scapular notch

Hint 20

Action: During swallowing depresses the hyoid and larynx after elevation by the supra hyoid muscles

N: Ansa cervicales

Front 21

Thyrohyoid

Back 21

Origin: Oblique line of thyroid

Ins: Lower border of greater horn of hyoid

Hint 21

Action: During swallowing depresses the hyoid and larynx after elevation by the supra hyoid muscles

N: Ansa cervicalis

Front 22

Longus colli

Back 22

Origin & Ins: Between anterior tubercle of atlas and body of T3. In between it is attached to vertebral bodies and anterior transverse tubercles

Hint 22

Action: BILATERALLY flexes neck
UNILATERALLY side bends neck to same side and rotates to OPPOSITE side by pulling transverse processes forward

N: Ventral rami of C2-6

Front 23

Longus capitis

Back 23

Origin: Anterior transverse tubercles of C3-C6

Ins: Inferior surface of basilar occipital bone

Hint 23

Action: BILATERALLY, flexes head and neck
UNILATERALLY, side bends and rotates head and neck to SAME side by pulling occiput backward

N: Ventral rami of C1-3

Front 24

Rectus capitis anterior

Back 24

Origin: Anterior surface of lateral mass of atlas and root of its transverse process

Ins: Inferior surface of basilar occipital bone behind longus capitis

Hint 24

Action: Flexes head at OA joint

N: Ventral rami of C1 and C2

Front 25

Rectus capitis lateralis

Back 25

Origin: Upper surface of transverse process of atlas

Ins: Inferior surface of jugular process of occipital bone

Hint 25

Action: Side bends head to same side

N: Ventral rami of C1 and C2

Front 26

Scalenus anterior

Back 26

Origin: Anterior transverse tubercles of C3-C6

Ins: Scalene tubercle and ridge on upper surface of first rib anterior to groove for subclavian artery

Hint 26

Action: ACTING FROM BELOW WITH RIBS FIXED, flexes cervical spine, side bends to SAME side and rotates to SAME SIDE

N: Ventral rami of C3-8

Front 27

Scalenus medius

Back 27

Origin: Posterior transverse tubercles of C2-7

Ins: Upper surface of first rib behind subclavian groove

Hint 27

Action: ACTING FROM BELOW WITH RIBS FIXED, flexes cervical spine, side bends to SAME side and rotates to SAME SIDE

N: Ventral rami of C3-8

Front 28

Scalenus posterior

Back 28

Origin: Posterior transverse tubercles of C4-6

Ins: Outer border of second rib behind serratus anterior

Hint 28

Action: ACTING FROM BELOW WITH RIBS FIXED, flexes cervical spine, side bends to SAME side and rotates to SAME SIDE

N: Ventral rami of C3-8

Front 29

Masseter

Back 29

Origin: Lower border and medial surface of zygomatic arch

Ins: Lateral surface of coronoid process, ramus and angle of mandible

Hint 29

Action: Elevates mandible, closing mouth

N: CN V3

Front 30

Temporalis

Back 30

Origin: Most of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fascia

Ins: Coronoid process and anterior border of ramus

Hint 30

Action: Anterior fibers elevate mandible. Posterior fibers retract mandible

N: CN V3

Front 31

Lateral Pterygoid

Back 31

Origin: Small UPPER HEAD from infra temporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid
Larger LOWER HEAD from lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Ins: UPPER HEAD to articular capsule and disc of TMJ
LOWER HEAD to neck of mandible

Hint 31

Action: BOTH HEADS draw mandible towards opposite side producing side-to-side grinding movements
UPPER HEAD elevates mandible
LOWER HEAD protrudes and depresses mandible, opening mouth

N: CN V3

Front 32

Medial Pteryoid

Back 32

Origin: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Ins: Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible as high as mandibular foramen

Hint 32

Action: Draws mandible towards opposite side, protrudes and elevates mandible

N: CN V3