Head And Neck-Ch2, Surface Anatomy

Front 1

Which regions of the head are covered by the scalp (layers of soft tissue overlying the braincase)?

Back 1

Occipital and parietal--important to examine around the scalp/hairline during the IO/EO

Front 2

Region of the head that includes the forehead and the are superior to the eyes

Back 2

Frontal region

Front 3

Area inferior to the eyebrow. More prominent in males

Back 3

supraorbital ridge (supercilliary ridge)

Front 4

Smooth, flat, elevated area between the eyebrows. Flat in children and adult females

Back 4

Glabella

Front 5

Prominence of the forehead. More pronounced in children and adult females.

Back 5

frontal eminence

Front 6

Temple region-superficial side of the head posterior to the eye

Back 6

Temporal region

Front 7

Region of the head marked by external ear as the prominent feature

Back 7

Auricular region

Front 8

Oval flap of the ear thatt collects sound waves

Back 8

Auricle

Front 9

Tube through which sound waves are transmitted to the middle ear

Back 9

external acoustic meatus

Front 10

Superior and posterior free margin of the auricle

Back 10

Helix

Front 11

Fleshy protuberance of the earlobe. Inferior margin of auricle. What feature of the face does this line up with?

Back 11

lobule. Apex of nose

Front 12

What feature on the face does the upper apex of the helix line up with on a horizontal plane?

Back 12

Eyebrows and glabella

Front 13

Small flap of tissue of the auricle anterior to the external acoustic meatus. Flexible due to underlying cartilage.

Back 13

tragus

Front 14

flap of tissue opposite the tragus

Back 14

antitragus

Front 15

area between the tragus and antitragus

Back 15

intertragic notch

Front 16

Region that houses the eyeball and supporting stuctures

Back 16

Orbital region

Front 17

bony socket that contains eyeball

Back 17

orbit

Front 18

white area of the eyeball

Back 18

sclera

Front 19

Colored area of the eye

Back 19

iris

Front 20

part of the eye that responds to light (opening at the center of the iris)

Back 20

pupil

Front 21

delicate, thin membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and front of eyeball

Back 21

conjunctiva

Front 22

outer corner where upper and lower eyelids meet

Back 22

lateral and medial canthus (canthi) or outer and inner canthus.

Front 23

Region of the face marked by the external nose

Back 23

Nasal region

Front 24

area between the eyes in the nasal region

Back 24

root of nose

Front 25

Inferior to glabella. Midpoint landmark of nasal region that corresponds with the junction between the underlying bones

Back 25

nasion

Front 26

Bony structure inferior to the nasion

Back 26

bridge of nose

Front 27

Tip of nose that is flexible when palpated

Back 27

apex

Front 28

Nostrils, inferior to the apex

Back 28

naris (nares)

Front 29

Structure that separates the nares

Back 29

nasal septum

Front 30

winglike cartilaginous structures of the nose

Back 30

ala (alae)

Front 31

Area of the head inferior to the orbital region and lateral to the nasal region

Back 31

Infraorbital

Front 32

region that overlies cheekbone

Back 32

Zygomatic region-cheekbone is the zygomatic arch

Front 33

Inferior to the zygomatic arch, anterior to the ear, where the upper skull forms a joint with the lower jaw. (Can feel movement on the external acoustic meatus)

Back 33

TMJ-temporomandibular joint

Front 34

region of the head composed of soft tissue of the cheek

Back 34

buccal region

Front 35

Muscle that mainly makes up the bulk of the cheek and can be felt when pt. clenches jaw

Back 35

masseter

Front 36

sharp angle of the lower jaw inferior the the ear's lobule

Back 36

angle of the mandible

Front 37

Explain the idea of the vertical dimension of the face and Golden Proportions

Back 37

This perspective allows for the face to be divided into three parts in order to compare them for functional and esthetic purposes (The Golden Proportions is a set of guidelines for these). Clinically, loss of height in the lower third (teeth and jaw) could signify periodontal disease...also is associated with aging.

Front 38

Region of the head marked by the lips, oral cavity, palate, tongue, floor of mouth and parts of throat.

Back 38

Oral region

Front 39

Darker zone around lips. Why is this area of significance clinically?

Back 39

vermillion border. Common are for squamous carcinoma. Also, scars present in the area could indicate trauma to the region--area needs to be looked at closely for abscesses, boneloss or any residual effects from trauma to the area.

Front 40

Transitional zone between lips and surrounding skin

Back 40

mucocutaneous junction

Front 41

Vertical groove of skin superior to the midline of the upper lip extending downward from the nasal septum

Back 41

philtrum

Front 42

Inteferior to the philtrum (where it terminates), midline of the upper lip

Back 42

Tubercle of upper lip

Front 43

Where the upper and lower lips meet each other at the corner of the mouth

Back 43

labial commissure

Front 44

horizontal groove that separates the lip from the chin

Back 44

labiomental groove

Front 45

Upper jaw

Lower jaw

Back 45

Maxilla

Mandible

Front 46

mucous membrane that lines the oral cavity

mucosa that lines the inner parts of the lips (pink and thick)

Back 46

oral mucosa (lining membrane)

labial mucosa

Front 47

Inside the mouth

Back 47

oral cavity

Front 48

mucosa that lines the inner cheek

Back 48

buccal mucosa

Front 49

small elevation of tissue that protects the duct opening from the parotid salivary gland. Where specifically can this be found?

Back 49

parotid papilla. Found opposite maxillary second molar. Observe salivary flow from duct during IO

Front 50

elevation on the posterior aspect of the maxilla posterior to the most distal molar

Back 50

maxillary tuberosity

Front 51

Space where the alveolar mucosa meets mucobuccal fold

Back 51

Vestibule (where people keep chew--maxillary and mandibular)

Front 52

fold of tissue located at the midline between the labial mucosa and the alveolar mucosa on both the maxilla and mandible

Back 52

labial frenum

Front 53

Tissue that surrounds the teeth

Back 53

gingiva (gums)

Front 54

gingiva that tightly adheres to bone around the roots of the tooth

Back 54

attached gingiva

Front 55

non attached/free gingiva that forms the sulcus

Back 55

marginal gingiva

Front 56

extension of attached gingiva between the teeth (triangular part that fills the embrasure)

Back 56

Interdental gingiva--interdental papilla

Front 57

Demarcation between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa

Back 57

mucogingival junction

Front 58

Space between tooth and marginal gingiva

Back 58

sulcus

Front 59

roof of the mouth

-firm, whiter, anterior portion

-yellower, looser posterior part

Back 59

Palate

-hard palate

-soft palate

Front 60

small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the hard palate lingual to anterior teeth

Back 60

incisive papilla

Front 61

Firm irregular ridges of tissue on the palate

Back 61

palatine rugae

Front 62

Midline muscular structure that hangs from the posterior margin of the soft palate

Back 62

uvula of palate

Front 63

Midline ridge of tissue on hard palate that runs from uvula to incisive papilla

Back 63

median palatine raphe

Front 64

Fold of tissue that extends from junction of hard and soft palates on each side down to mandible, just posterior to most distal mandibular molar (stretches when pt. opens mouth wider)

Back 64

pterygomandibular fold

Front 65

dense pad of tissue just posterior to most distal mandibular molar

Back 65

retromolar pad

Front 66

posterior third of the tongue that attaches to floor of the mouth

Back 66

base of tongue or pharyngeal part (not in the mouth but within the oral part of the throat)

Front 67

Anterior two thirds of the tongue

Back 67

body of the tongue or oral part

Front 68

tip of the tongue

Back 68

apex

Front 69

Midline depression on the dorsal (top) surface of the tongue

Back 69

median lingual sulcus

Front 70

elevated structures of specialized mucosa on the tongue, some of which are associated with taste buds

Back 70

lingual papillae

Front 71

papillae on lateral surface of the tongue--look like vertical striations. (Important area to look at during IO/EO)

Back 71

foliate lingual papillae

Front 72

Threadlike papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue

Back 72

filliform lingual papillae

Front 73

red mushroom shaped dots on the dorsal surface of tongue

Back 73

Fungiform lingual papillae

Front 74

10-14 large lingual papillae that contain tastebuds

Back 74

Circumvallate lingual papillae

Front 75

V-shaped groove on the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue. Separates the base from the body of the tongue. (often clinically difficult to see)

Back 75

sulcus terminalis

Front 76

pitlike depression at the apex of the sulcus terminalis

Back 76

foramen cecum

Front 77

irregular mass of lymphoid tissue on the dorsal surface of the base of the tongue

Back 77

lingual tonsil

Front 78

large visible blood vessels on the bentral surface of the tongue

Back 78

lingual veins

Front 79

Folds with fringelike projections that run lateral to the deep lingual veins on the ventral surface of the tongue

Back 79

plica fimbriata

Front 80

Midline fold of tissue between the ventral surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth

Back 80

lingual frenum

Front 81

ridge of tissue on each side of the floor of the mouth

Back 81

sublingual fold (plica sublingualis)

Front 82

Entrance into the throat. Muscular tube that serves both the respiratory and digestive systems

Back 82

pharynx

Front 83

Part of the pharynx that is inferior and not visible in the mouth

Back 83

laryngopharynx

Front 84

part of pharynx continuous with the nasal cavity

Back 84

nasopharynx

Front 85

part of the pharynx between soft palate and opening of the pharynx

Back 85

oropharynx

Front 86

flap of cartilage at the base of the tongue and infront of the oropharynx

Back 86

epiglottis

Front 87

Junction between oropharynx and oral region

Back 87

fauces (faucial isthmus

-anterior faucial pillar and posterior faucial pillar

Front 88

lymphoid tissue located in between the anterior faucial pillar and the posterior faucial pillar

Back 88

palatine tonsils

Clinically compare the difference of each side in terms of size, color and shape

Front 89

Region that encompasses the chin

Back 89

mental region

Front 90

prominence of the chin

Back 90

mental protuberance (often more prominent in adult males)

Front 91

horizontal groove between the lower lip and the chin

Back 91

labiomental groove

Front 92

Where does the neck region begin and end?

Back 92

extends from the skull and mandible to the clavicles and sternum

Front 93

large strap muscle that divides the neck diagonally into an anterior and posterior cervical triangles

Back 93

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 94

"Adam's apple"

Back 94

thyroid cartilage
superior to the thyroid gland

Front 95

site of muscular attachment especially for swallowing muscles (controls movement of base of tongue)

Back 95

hyoid bone