Head And Neck Anatomy Ch.8

Front 1

Define nervous system

Back 1

activates, coordinates, and controls all functions of the body.

Front 2

Define neuron

Back 2

composed of a cell body and neural processes.

Front 3

Define nerve

Back 3

neural processes outside the central nervous system and in the peripheral nervous system.

Front 4

Define synapse

Back 4

junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ, where neural impulses are transmitted.

Front 5

Define innervation

Back 5

a supply of nerves to the body part.

Front 6

what does a nerve do

Back 6

it allows information to be carried to and from the brain

Front 7

An accumulation of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system is a

Back 7

ganglion

Front 8

What are the of two types nerves

Back 8

afferent and efferent.

Front 9

What is the purpose of the afferent nerve and what type of information does it carry?

Back 9

carries information from the periphery of the body to the brain (or spinal cord).
carries sensory information such as taste, pain, and proprioception to the brain

Front 10

Define Proprioception

Back 10

information concerning the movement and position of the body

Front 11

An ___________ nerve is a sensory nerve

Back 11

Afferent

Front 12

What is the purpose of the efferent nerve

Back 12

carries information AWAY from the brain (or spinal cord) to the periphery of the body.
carries information to the muscles in order to activate them

Front 13

An __________ nerve is a motor nerve

Back 13

Efferent

Front 14

The fluid OUTSIDE of the membrane has a ________charge; the fluid INSIDE has a charge.
This charge difference is a _____________ and is measured in millivolts.

Back 14

positive, negative, resting potential

Front 15

Define action potential

Back 15

a temporary reversal of the electric potential along the membrane for a brief period (less than a millisecond).

Front 16

After passage of the action potential, there is a brief period __________ during which the membrane CANNOT be stimulated.

Back 16

the refractory period

Front 17

Define Anesthesia

Back 17

the loss of feeling or sensation resulting from the use of certain drugs or gases that serve as inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Front 18

One of the major divisions of the nervous system includes

Back 18

both the brain and spinal cord

Front 19

name the three layers of the meninges

Back 19

dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Front 20

The ___________ also surrounds and supports the large venous channels (dural sinuses) carrying blood from the brain toward the heart

Back 20

Dura mater

Front 21

Name the major divisions of the brain

Back 21

cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, diencephalon

Front 22

The __________ is the largest division of the brain and consists of _____ cerebral hemispheres.

Back 22

cerebrum, 2

Front 23

The ___________ is the second largest division of the brain

Back 23

cerebellum

Front 24

The brainstem has a number of divisions which include

Back 24

medulla, pons, and midbrain.

Front 25

The ________ is closest to the spinal cord.

The midbrain includes relay stations for hearing, vision, and motor pathways.

Back 25

medulla

Front 26

The ______ connects the medulla with the cerebellum and with higher brain centers.

Back 26

pons

Front 27

The ___________ includes relay stations for hearing, vision, and motor pathways.

Back 27

midbrain

Front 28

what structures are primarily included in the diencephalon

Back 28

primarily includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Front 29

what does the thalamus do

Back 29

serves as a central relay point for INCOMING nerve impulses.

Front 30

What does the hypothalamus regulate

Back 30

homeostasis

Front 31

where is the spinal cord and what does it connect

Back 31

runs along the dorsal side of the body and links the brain to the rest of the body.

Front 32

what is the other major division of the nervous system

Back 32

Peripheral nervous system

Front 33

peripheral nervous system is composed of

Back 33

is composed of all the nerves stretching their pathways among the CNS and the receptors, muscles, and glands.

Front 34

The Peripheral nervous system is further divided into the ______ and the ______ nervous systems

Back 34

afferent, efferent

Front 35

somatic nervous system is a subdivision of the __________ division of the PNS

Back 35

efferent

Front 36

The _______ involves both receptors and effectors.

Back 36

somatic nervous system

Front 37

The sympathetic nervous system is involved in fight or flight responses such as the shutdown of salivary gland secretion with certain medications.

Back 37

The parasympathetic nervous system is involved in “rest-or-digest” responses such as the stimulation of salivary gland secretions.