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205 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where does the pharynx end?
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C6
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what is the sensory nerve supply to the nasopharynx?
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V2 (maxillary)
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what is the parasympathetic supply to the nasopharynx?
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VII (facial)
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what is the sensory supply to the oropharynx?
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IX (glossopharyngeal)
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what is the parasympathetic supply to the oropharynx?
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IX (glossopharyngeal)
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what is the sensory supply to the laryngopharynx?
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X (vagus)
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what is the parasympathetic supply to the laryngopharynx?
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X (vagus)
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what is the nerve supply to most of the pharyngeal muscles?
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pharyngeal plexus (X-XIc)
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which pharyngeal muscle is not innervated by the pharyngeal plexus?
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stylopharyngeus (IX - glossopharyngeal)
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which nerve innervates stylopharyngeus?
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IX (glossopharyngeal)
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where is the nasopharynx?
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from the nose (choanae) to soft palate (inferior border)
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where is the oropharynx?
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from the inferior border of the soft palate to the epiglottis
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where is the laryngopharynx?
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epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
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what are the two types of pharyngeal muscles?
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constrictors and levators
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which of the constrictors and levators are deep?
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levators
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where does the superior constrictor originate and insert?
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origin: pterygoid process of sphenoid, mandible, pterygomandibular raphe
insertion: pharyngeal raphe |
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which muscle of the pharynx originates from the hyoid bone and inserts into the pharyngeal raphe?
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middle constrictor
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name the two parts of the inferior constrictor
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thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus
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name the levators of the pharynx
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palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus
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where do the levators of the pharynx all insert?
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mucous of the pharyngeal wall
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what is the origin of the palatopharyngeus?
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soft palate
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where does the stylopharyngeus originate?
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styloid process of temporal bone
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what is the origin of salpingopharyngeus?
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auditory tube
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what is a good test of brain circuitry?
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gag reflex
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where is the larynx located?
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C3-C6
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what colour is the vestibular fold?
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pink
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what is the space betwee the vocal folds called?
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rima glottidis
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which muscle abducts the vocal cords?
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posterior cricoarytenoideus
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which muscle tenses the vocal cords?
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cricothyroideus
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what does lateral cricoarytenoideus do?
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adduct the vocal cords
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what does thyroarytenoideus do?
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relaxes the vocal cords
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what is the sensory nerve supply to the larynx above and including the vocal cords?
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superior laryngeal branch of vagus (SLX)
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what part of the larynx is the recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus sensory to?
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everything below the vocal folds
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what is the nerve supply to the laryngeal muscles?
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RLX (except cricothyroideus - SLX)
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what is the innervation of cricothyroideus?
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SLX
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where are the vocal cords during phonation?
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adducted
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where is the thyroid gland located?
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from the thyroid cartilage to the 5th tracheal ring
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what type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?
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respiratory epithelium
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list the paranasal sinuses?
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frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary
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what is the sensory nerve supply to the external nose?
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V1 (opthalmic), V2 (maxillary)
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what is the motor supply to the external nose?
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VII (facial)
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what is the parasympathetic supply to the nasal cavity and sinuses?
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VII-pterygopalatine ganglion
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what is the sensory innervation of the nasal cavity and sinuses?
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V1, V2
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which two bones make up the hard palate? which is most posterior?
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maxilla and palatine (palatine most posterior)
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name the two faucial arches
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palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal
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where are the palatine tonsils located?
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in the oropharynx, between the faucial arches
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which tonsils are located in the nasopharynx near the auditory tube?
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pharyngeal tonsils
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where are the lingual tonsils?
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posterior 1/3 of tongue
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which muscle raises the soft palate?
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levator veli palatini
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what is the action of tensor veli palatini?
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tenses the soft palate
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which of the palatini muscles is most medial?
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LVP
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which muscle protrudes the tongue?
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genioglossus
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what is the action of palatoglossus?
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raises the tongue
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what does hyoglossus do?
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depresses the tongue
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which muscle retracts the tongue?
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styloglossus
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what do the intrinsic tongue muscles do?
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raise/depress tip, narrow, elongate, broaden, flatten
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which is largest salivary gland?
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parotid
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where is the apex of the parotid gland?
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angle of mandible
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which muscle does the parotid duct pierce?
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buccinator
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is the parotid gland serous, mucous or mixed?
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serous
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where does the facial nerve travel relative to the parotid gland?
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through it
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which blood vessel travels through the parotid gland?
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external carotid artery
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where is the submandibular duct?
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under the tongue
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which salivary gland secretes mucous?
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sublingual
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what is the sensory supply to the mouth?
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V2, V3
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what is the parasympathetic supply to the mouth?
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VII-pterygopalatine ganglion
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what is the sensory supply to the tongue?
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V3
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what is the motor supply to the tongue?
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XII (hypoglossal) except palatoglossus (X-XIc)
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which salivary gland's parasympathetic supply is IX (otic ganglion)?
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parotid gland
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what is the parasympathetic supply to the submandibular and sublingual glands?
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VII (submandibular ganglion)
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what innervates the LVP?
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X-XIc
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what innervates the TVP?
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V3
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what type of joint is the temperomandibular joint?
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condylar
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what are the articulating surfaces in the TMJ?
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mandibular fossa of temporal bone and head of mandible
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name the five layers of the scalp
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skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, pericranium
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which layer of the scalp facilitates movement of the skin?
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loose connective tissue
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name the muscles of mastication
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temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid
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which muscles elevate the jaw?
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temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
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which muscle depresses the jaw?
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lateral pterygoid
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which muscle has its origin at the sphenoid and its insertion at the neck/head of the mandible and articular disc of the TMJ?
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lateral pterygoid
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what does the lateral pterygoid do?
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depress and protract jaw
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where is the origin of the masseter?
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zygomatic, maxilla
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which muscle of mastication inserts into the inner mandible?
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medial pterygoid
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what is the action of the temporalis?
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elevation and retraction of the jaw
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what is the action of the masseter?
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elevation of the jaw
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what is the action of the lateral pterygoid?
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depression and protraction of jaw
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what is the action of the medial pterygoid?
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elevation and protraction of the jaw
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which two muscles protract the jaw?
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lateral and medial pterygoids
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what is the insertion of the medial pterygoid?
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inner mandible
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where does the temporalis insert?
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coronoid process of the mandible
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which muscles produce ear movements?
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auricular muscles
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which muscle is responsible for horizontal forehead wrinkles?
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frontalis
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which muscle is responsible for vertical forehead wrinkles?
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corrugator supercilli
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what does orbicularis oris do?
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close mouth
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which muscle elevates the lip and dilates the nose?
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levator labii superior alaeque nasi
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t/f... levator labii superior and zygomatic major elevate the lip
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false, levator labii superior and zygomatic minor elevate the lip
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which muscle depresses the lip?
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depressor labii inferior
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which three muscles elevate the angle?
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risorius, levator anguli oris, zygomatic major
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what does the mentalis do?
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elevates the chin lip
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t/f... buccinator is superficial
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false, buccinator is deep
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what is the action of platysma?
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lowers jaw lip, tenses neck
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name the suprahyoids
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geniohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid
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where is the geniohyoid?
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mandible to the hyoid
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which suprahyoid is innervated by C1 through XII?
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geniohyoid
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where is the origin of the mylohyoid?
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mandible
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what is the function of mylohyoid?
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depression of jaw
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which two suprahyoids are innervated by the mandibular branch of trigeminal?
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mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
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where is the origin of posterior belly of digastric?
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mastoid process of temporal bone
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what is the origin of stylohyoid?
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styloid process of temporal bone
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what is the function of stylohyoid?
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fix hyoid
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where does the anterior belly of the digastric insert?
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mandible
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which of the infrahyoids are innervated by C1-C3?
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sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid
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what is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?
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lower hyoid during swallowing/speech
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what innervates thyrohyoid?
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C1 through XII
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which infrahyoid originates at the scapula and inserts into the hyoid?
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omohyoid
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which infrahyoids are superficial?
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sternohyoid and omohyoid
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which infrahyoids are deep?
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sternothyroid and thyrohyoid
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what are the branches of the external carotid artery?
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superior thyroid, lingual, facial, maxillary, superficial temporal
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what are the tributaries of the internal jugular vein?
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lingual, superior thyroid, ant/ext jugular, facial, retromandibular, maxillary, superficial temporal
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what innervates the muscles of facial expression?
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VII
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what are the branches of the facial nerve?
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temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
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which branch of VII supplies platysma?
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cervical VII
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which muscles does V3 innervate?
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muscles of mastication and some suprahyoids
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name the branches of the trigeminal nerve
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opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
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how is the external acoustic meatus oriented?
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concave anteriorly
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what is the nerve supply to the external acoustic meatus?
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V3, C2/3
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what are the two parts of the tympanic membrane?
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pars tensa, pars flaccida
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what is the nerve supply of the tympanic membrane?
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V3, X, IX
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name the ossicles
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malleus, incus, stapes
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what are the muscles of the middle ear?
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tensor tympani and stapedius
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what is the origin of tensor tympani?
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auditory tube
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where does the tensor tympani insert?
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handle of malleus
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which muscle goes from the posterior cavity to the stapes?
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stapedius
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what innervates stapedius?
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VII
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what innervates tensor tympani?
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V3
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is the cochlea part of the osseous or membranous labyrinth?
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osseous
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where is perilymph located?
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osseous labyrinth
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where is endolymph located?
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membranous labyrinth
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t/f... fat is scarce around the eye
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false
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which bones make up the roof of the orbit?
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frontal, sphenoid
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which bones compose the floor of the orbit?
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maxilla, zygomatic, palatine
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which bones comprise the medial wall of the orbit?
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maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid
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which bones make up the lateral wall of the orbit?
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sphenoid, zygomatic
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which cranial nerves travel through the superior orbital fissure?
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III, IV, VI, V1
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which cranial nerve travels through the inferior orbital fissure?
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V2
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where does the optic nerve travel in the eye?
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through the optic canal
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what is the muscle of the upper eyelid?
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levator palpebral superior
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what is the conjunctiva?
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mucous membrane covering eyelids and cornea
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where are tears produced?
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lacrimal gland
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what are the two parts of the external tunic of the globe?
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sclera and cornea
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where do the fibres of the optic nerve pass through the sclera?
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lamina cribrosa
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where does fluid from the canal of sclemm drain to?
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ciliary veins
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what is the function of the sclera?
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maintains form, drains aqueous humor
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how is the cornea nourished?
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by aqueous humor (cornea is avascular and lymph free)
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what is the function of the cornea?
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lets light in, focuser
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t/f... the choroid is tightly bound to the retina but loosely bound to the sclera
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true
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what is the function of the choroid?
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blood supply for outer retina and absorption of light
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what is the function of the ciliary body?
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suspend lens, accommodation, produce aqueous humor
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what are the components of the middle tunic of the globe?
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choroid, ciliary body, iris
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which muscle of the iris has concentric fibres?
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sphincter pupillae
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which muscle of the iris looks like the spokes of a wheel?
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dilatator pupillae
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where is the blind spot of the eye?
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optic disc
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what is the aqueous humor composed of?
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glucose, amino acids, ascorbic acid
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what is the vitreous humor?
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water, salts, glycoprotein
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is the lens avascular?
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yes
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what effect on the lens does relaxation of the suspensory ligament?
|
fat lens
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what are the origins of the recti?
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common tendinous ring
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what is the origin of the superior oblique?
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sphenoid
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what is the origin of the inferior oblique?
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maxilla
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which oblique eye muscle originates from the maxilla?
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inferior oblique
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where is the levator palpebral superior relative to the obliques and recti?
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superior to all
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what movements are produced by the superior rectus?
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up/intorsion/adduction
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which muscle produces elevation/extorsion/abduction of the eye?
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inferior oblique
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what movements are produced by the inferior rectus?
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down/extorsion/adduction
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which muscle moves the eye down, out and inwards?
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superior oblique
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what is the action of medial rectus?
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adduction
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which muscle abducts the eye alone?
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lateral rectus
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what is the clinical test for a superior oblique lesion?
|
adduction/down
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what is the arterial supply to the inner retina?
|
central retinal artery
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where does the opthalmic vein drain to?
|
cavernous sinus
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which eye muscles are supplied by occulomotor?
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SR, IR, MR, IO, LPS
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what innervates the superior oblique?
|
trochlear
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what innervates the LR?
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abducent
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what is the sensory supply to the retina?
|
optic nerve
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what is the sensory supply to the eye and its surrounds?
|
V1
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which cranial nerves are associated with the eyes?
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occulomotor, trochlear, abducent
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which muscle is parasympathetically innervated by the occulomotor nerve?
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sphincter pupillae
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what sign is present in a lesion of the abducent?
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medial squint (esotropia)
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where do the cell bodies of the sensory fibres of the trigeminal lie?
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trigeminal ganglion
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how does V1 exit the skull?
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superior orbital fissure
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which cranial nerve exits the skull through the foramen rotundum?
|
V2
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where does V3 exit the skull?
|
foramen ovale
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which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?
|
V3
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which cranial nerve travels through the stylomastoid foramen?
|
facial
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which cranial nerves are associated with the face?
|
trigeminal and facial
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which cranial nerve is associated with the ears?
|
vestibulocochlear
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what type of fibres are in the vestibulocochlear nerve?
|
sensory
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which cranial nerves are associated with the mouth?
|
glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
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where does glossopharyngeal exit the skull?
|
jugular foramen
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which salivary gland receives nerve fibres from the otic ganglion?
|
parotid gland
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which cranial nerve supplies taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
|
IX
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which muscle of the pharynx is innervated by glossopharyngeal?
|
stylopharyngeus
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where does the vagus nerve exit the skull?
|
jugular foramen
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what is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
|
motor to tongue (except palatoglossus)
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where does the hypoglossal exit the skull?
|
hypoglossal canal
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