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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the parts of the larynx?
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Supraglottis
Glottis Subglottis |
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How are they viewed?
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Like the spleen, kidney, and liver. They are near each other, they together constitute the larynx, but they are treated very differently by surgeons and radiation oncologists.
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What is the larynx supported by?
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Cartilaginous backbone
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Where does the larynx begin?
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Hyoid
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In order, what are the cartilaginous structures of the larynx?
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Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage Arytenoids Cricoid |
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What is the function of the epiglottis?
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Protect airway during swallowing
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What is the function of the thyroid cartilage?
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Protect vocal cords and vocal ligament
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What is the function of the arytenoids?
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Support the true vocal cords
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How do they do this?
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Via the vocal ligament
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What is the special trait of the cricoid cartilage?
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It makes a 360 degree ring around airway
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What is cricoid needed for?
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Only cartilage needed for providing airway patency
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What are the main parts of the thyroid cartilage?
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Two anterior laminae
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What do they do?
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Meet together in the midline at an acute outpouching angle
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What is at the top of the throid cartilage anteriorly
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The superior thyroid notch
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What happens posteriorly?
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Each lamina is elongated to form a superior and inferior cornua
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What does the superior cornua do?
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Provides attachment for the thyrohyoid ligament
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What does the inferior conua do?
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Articulates medially with the sides of the cricoid cartilage
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What is this articulation?
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Cricothyroid joint
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Which is wider, thyroid or cricoid?
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Thyroid is much wider. Cricoid is only a little wider than a tracheal ring
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What is between the thyroid and the hyoid anterolaterally?
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The thyrohyoid membrane
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What penetrates the thyrohyoid membrane?
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Superior laryngeal nerve
Laryngeal artery |
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What is located between the cricoid and thyroid?
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Cricothyroid ligament
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Where is the ligament located?
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Anteriorly
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What penetrates the cricothyroid ligament?
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The recurrent laryngeal nerve on its way to innervate the major laryngeal muscles
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Where is the arytenoid cartilage?
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Buried deep within the depths of the thyroid cartilage, posteriorly
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What does the arytenoid cartilage give rise to?
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The vocal ligament
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Where does the vocal ligament insert?
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Inner aspect of thyroid cartilage
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What does this look like diagrammatically?
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.
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What is revealing about this picture?
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The superior tip of the epiglottis is actually superior to the hyoid!
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What does the vocal ligament support?
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The thyroarytenoid muscle
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What is the thyroarytenoid muscle?
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True vocal cord
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What constitutes the supraglottis?
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Epiglottis
Aryepiglottic folds Arytenoids False vocal cords Laryngeal ventricle |
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What else is in the supraglottis?
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Two spaces
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What are these spaces?
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Pre-epiglottic space
Paraglottic space |
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What is the other name for paraglottic space?
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Paralaryngeal space
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Where is the actual extent of the supraglottis?
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Tip of the epiglottis to the laryngeal ventricle
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What is definitely not part of the supraglottis, despite its proximity?
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The valleculae and pyriform sinuses
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What are these then?
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The vallecula are in the lower oropharynx, and pyriform sinuses are part of the hypopharynx
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If they are so close, does it really matter?
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Crucial differences.
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Why?
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Behavior of primary SCCa in these two areas is very different
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What is the epiglottis shaped like?
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A leaf
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What is crucial about epiglottic anatomy?
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If there is a tumor, you must state whether it is confined to the suprahyoid epiglottis or extends into infrahyoid epiglottis
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What is the difference
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If supraglottic only, they can do an epiglottectomy, or even laser surgery to treat it.
If it extends into the infrahyoid epiglottis, the game changes, and treatment is radically more complicated. |
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Why?
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Because below the hyoid you get into the paraglottic and pre-epiglottic spaces.
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Where is the epiglottis in relation to the hyoid?
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Directly posterior
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What is directly posterior to the hyoid bone?
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The preepiglottic space
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What is posterior to the pre-epiglottic space?
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The valleculae
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What is posterior to the valleculae?
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The epiglottis
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What attaches the epiglottis to the hyoid?
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The hyoepiglottic ligament
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What covers this ligament?
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A mucosal fold
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What is this fold better known as?
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The glossoepiglottic fold
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What does this ligament/fold do?
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Attaches epiglottis to hyoid
Splits the vallecula into 2 separate structures |
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What connects the epiglottis to the pharynx?
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Pharyngoepiglottic fold
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What do the glossoepiglottic and pharyngoepiglottic ligaments do as a team?
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Separate the supraglottis from the oropharynx (tongue base and vallecula)
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What separates the pyriform sinus from the supraglottis?
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Aryepiglottic folds
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