He 138 Chapter 2

Front 1

Immunity

Back 1

the ability of the body to defend itself against infectious agents, foreign cells, & abnormal body cells (cancer cells)

Front 2

Nonspecific defense

Back 2

effective against any foreign agent entering the body, innate immunity

Front 3

Specific defense

Back 3

effective against particular identified foreign agents, acquired immunity

Front 4

leukocytes

Back 4

white blood cells, destroy infectious agents through phagocytosis

Front 5

interferon

Back 5

group of substances that stimulate the immune system

Front 6

inflammation causes

Back 6

allergens, chemical agents, trauma, foreign substances, physical agents, pathogenic organisms

Front 7

hyperemia

Back 7

increased amount of blood flow to the site of injury, causes heat and redness

Front 8

neutrophils/polymorphs

Back 8

leukocytes that destroy harmful invaders, engulf cell debris also

Front 9

histamine

Back 9

substance released by damaged tissue, causes the capillary walls to become more permeable

Front 10

chemotaxis

Back 10

attraction of white blood cells to the site of inflammation

Front 11

inflammatory exudate

Back 11

plasma and white blood cells that escape from the capillaries, causes swelling

Front 12

leukocytosis

Back 12

excessive production of white blood cells, sign of infection or inflammation

Front 13

monocytes/macrophages

Back 13

follow polymorphs to clear debris

Front 14

fibrin

Back 14

a plasma protein in the exudate, essential for blood-clotting

Front 15

pyogenic

Back 15

bacteria that cause pus formation

Front 16

supprative

Back 16

inflammation with pus formation

Front 17

fibroblasts

Back 17

connective tissue cells, produce fibers that close the gap of wounds

Front 18

adhesions

Back 18

caused when connective tissue fibers join together adjacent structures

Front 19

keloid

Back 19

raised and hard scar, really a benign tumor

Front 20

antigen

Back 20

foreign element that triggers the immune response

Front 21

humoral immunity

Back 21

includes antibodies

Front 22

cell-mediated immunity

Back 22

includes activated lymphocytes

Front 23

lymphatic system

Back 23

network that conducts and filters lymph, destroy invading organisms, filters

Front 24

T lymphocytes

Back 24

cell-mediated immunity, produced by the thymus gland

Front 25

B lymphocytes

Back 25

humoral immunity, some interact w/ antigens, some turn into plasma cells

Front 26

plasma cells

Back 26

divide rapidly and produce large numbers of antibodies

Front 27

antibodies

Back 27

plasma proteins, gamma globulins called immunoglobulins (Ig), bind to antigens and tag them for destruction

Front 28

memory cells

Back 28

B lymphocytes that remain dormant until reactivated by the same antigen, cause a more potent and rapid response the next exposure

Front 29

cytotoxic T cells

Back 29

killer cells, proteins bind and release poisonous substances to kill cells or organisms w/ a specific antigen

Front 30

helper T cells

Back 30

increase activity of killer cells, stimulate B cells, secrete lymphokines that increase response of other lymphoid cells

Front 31

IgG immunoglobulin

Back 31

primary & secondary immune responses, neutralizes toxins & viruses

Front 32

IgM immunoglobulin

Back 32

protects newborns

Front 33

IgA immunoglobulin

Back 33

localized protection at mucosal surfaces

Front 34

IgE immunoglobulin

Back 34

allergy

Front 35

IgD immunoglobulin

Back 35

activates B cells

Front 36

allergy/hypersensitivity

Back 36

immune response that is destructive, causes tissue damage & disorder rather than immunity

Front 37

basophils & mast cells

Back 37

IgE attaches to them and then binds to the allergen, which breaks down, contain the chemicals heparin, serotonin, bradykinin, & histamine

Front 38

anaphylactic shock

Back 38

systemic allergy, throughout the body, life threatening

Front 39

epinephrine

Back 39

used to reduce immune response and stabilize the vascular system in allergic reactions

Front 40

4 types of hypersensitivites

Back 40

type 1-allergic, anaphylactic
type 2-cytotoxic, cytolytic
type 3-immune complex
type 4-cell-mediated, delayed

Front 41

Rh factor

Back 41

positive have an extra antigen (Rh factor) on their red blood cells

Front 42

autoimmune diseases

Back 42

when individuals develop antibodies to their own tissues or self-antigens

Front 43

autoantibodies

Back 43

attack the individual's tissues

Front 44

systemic lupus erythematosus SLE

Back 44

noncontagious inflammatory disease

Front 45

discoid

Back 45

mild form of lupus

Front 46

scleroderma

Back 46

chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder of the skin

Front 47

human immunodeficiency virus HIV

Back 47

retrovirus, carries its genetic info as RNA not DNA

Front 48

active immunity

Back 48

the person recieves a vaccine or toxoid as the antigen and forms antibodies to counteract it

Front 49

vaccine

Back 49

low dose of dead or inactivated bacteria or viruses

Front 50

toxoid

Back 50

chemically altered toxin, will not cause disease

Front 51

passive immunity

Back 51

doses of preformed antibodies from immune serum of an animal

Front 52

cortisol

Back 52

hormone increased by stress, decreases the production of antibodies & substances released by leukocytes that stimulate the immune system